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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Development Studies >Poor Economics: A Radical Rethink of the Way to Fight Global Poverty - A Review Article
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Poor Economics: A Radical Rethink of the Way to Fight Global Poverty - A Review Article

机译：经济学不佳：对消除全球贫困的方式的彻底反思-评论文章

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Poverty rates have been falling all over the world in recent years, but, outside of China, the absolute numbers in poverty continue to increase (see Chen and Ravallion, 2008). The number of people living on less than $1.25 a day (the World Bank's official poverty line) is approximately 1.4 billion, and 2.6 billion live on less than $2 a day. Poverty alleviation in poor countries is surely the greatest humanitarian challenge facing the world in the twenty-first century. As Paul Collier wrote in his best-selling book The Bottom Billion (2007): 'an impoverished ghetto of 1 billion people [is] increasingly impossible for a comfortable world to tolerate'. The World Bank has expressed the same sentiments. When it published its 2000/2001 World DevelopmentReport with the title 'Attacking Poverty', the then President of the World Bank, James Wolfensohn, wrote: 'poverty amidst plenty is the world's greatest challenge. We at the World Bank have made it our mission to fight poverty with passion and professionalism, putting it at the centre of all the work that we do'. Rather than relying on 'trickle down' from fast GDP growth for poverty reduction, the World Bank Report advocated a three-pronged 'bottom-up' approach to poverty reduction, namely: promoting opportunity; facilitating empowerment; and enhancing security. There is now broad support for this approach, combined, of course, with appropriate macroeconomic policies, but the question still remains of how best to achieve these goals; what works and what does not?
机译：近年来，全世界的贫困率一直在下降，但在中国以外，贫困的绝对数字仍在增加（参见Chen和Ravallion，2008年）。每天生活费不足1.25美元（世界银行的官方贫困线）的人口约为14亿，有26亿人每天的生活费不足2美元。贫穷国家的扶贫无疑是二十一世纪世界面临的最大人道主义挑战。正如保罗·科利尔（Paul Collier）在其最畅销的书《下十亿》（2007年）中所写的那样：“一个10亿人口的贫民窟，越来越难以容忍一个舒适的世界”。世界银行也表达了同样的观点。当时的世界银行行长詹姆斯·沃尔芬森（James Wolfensohn）在发表其2000/2001年世界发展报告时，题为“打击贫困”，写道：“富裕之中的贫困是世界上最大的挑战。我们在世界银行的使命是用热情和专业精神与贫困作斗争，将其置于我们所做所有工作的中心。 《世界银行报告》不是依靠GDP快速增长的“ tri脚”来减少贫困，而是主张采取三管齐下的“自下而上”的方法来减少贫困，即：增加机会;减少贫困。促进赋权;和增强安全性。现在，这种方法得到了广泛的支持，当然还有适当的宏观经济政策，但是仍然存在如何最好地实现这些目标的问题。什么有效，什么无效？

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