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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology >Stem-end splitting and internal ring-cracking of 'Gala' apples as influenced by orchard management practices
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Stem-end splitting and internal ring-cracking of 'Gala' apples as influenced by orchard management practices

机译：果园管理实践对'Gala'苹果茎端分裂和内部开环的影响

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摘要

The influences of irrigation (frequent versus none), crop density (high versus low), and nitrogen (urea fertilizer versus none) on the incidence of stem-end splitting (SES) and internal ring-cracking (IRC) in 'Gala' apples were studied. Of the three orchard management factors considered, only irrigation significantly affected the incidence of stem-end splitting and internal ring-cracking; while the increase in fruit splitting due to low crop density was marginal. Frequently irrigated trees produced over twice as many split and ring-cracked fruit, respectively, compared with non-irrigated trees. The incidence of both SES and IRC increased with advancing fruit maturity, and percentage splitting in the experimental orchard varied considerably from 0.7% to over 28% for single tree replicates. None of the orchard treatments affected fruit nitrogen and other major nutrients (Ca, P, K and Mg), but fruit with SES or IRC had significantly higher concentrations of Ca, P and K than good fruit. The increase in the concentration of these minerals in split or ring-cracked fruit may be a secondary response which probably occurred after cortical cells began to break down as a result of stem-end splitting or internal ring-cracking.
机译：灌溉（频繁与否），作物密度（高与低）和氮（尿素肥料与无）对'嘎拉'苹果茎端裂口（SES）和内部开环（IRC）发生率的影响被研究了。在考虑的三个果园管理因素中，只有灌溉显着影响茎端劈裂和内部开裂的发生率。而由于作物密度低而导致的水果分裂增加幅度很小。与未灌溉的树木相比，经常灌溉的树木产生的裂果和环裂果分别多两倍。 SES和IRC的发生率都随着果实成熟度的提高而增加，单果树重复试验的果园分裂百分率从0.7％到28％以上不等。果园处理均不影响果实氮和其他主要养分（Ca，P，K和Mg），但是具有SES或IRC的果实中Ca，P和K的浓度明显高于优质果实。这些矿物质在裂开或开裂的果实中的浓度增加可能是继发反应，可能是由于茎端裂开或内部开裂而导致皮质细胞开始分解后发生的。

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