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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology >Interactions between root restriction, irrigation and rootstock treatments on 'Queen Cox ' apple trees: Effects of soil and plant water relations
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Interactions between root restriction, irrigation and rootstock treatments on 'Queen Cox ' apple trees: Effects of soil and plant water relations

机译：'Queen Cox'苹果树上的根系限制，灌溉和砧木处理之间的相互作用：土壤与植物水分关系的影响

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The purpose of this research was to determine if established, orchard-grown apple trees that were confined in root-restricting membranes received adequate water for growth when irrigated. Previous data had shown positive effects of root restriction on reducing shoot extension growth in apple. Soil matric potential (#PSI#_(sm)), leaf stomatal conductance (g) and leaf water potentials (#PSI#_I) were measured over daily cycles during the period of maximum tree water use (July and August). Measurements were also made of the #PSI#_(sm) and fruit size throughout the growing season. Daily and seasonal #PSI#_(sm) showed that the soil within the root restricing membranes (+R) when irrigated (+I) remained closed to field capacity (< 100 HPa), which was not the case for unirrigated soil within the membranes (-I +R). #PSI#_1 measured before dawn, showed that similar levels of drought stress were evident between irrigated and restricted (+I +R) and unrestricted (+I -R and -I -R) trees. The #PSI#_(sm), and #PSI#_1 for trees with roots within restricting membranes were significantly more negative, in the absence of irrigation (-I +R). Measurement of g showed that root restricted trees were transpiring at similar rates in the presence of irrigation (+I +R) as unrestricted trees (+I -R) with or without irrigation. Stomatal closure could not explain the increased #PSI#_1 observed for the restricted irrigated (+I +R) treatment compared with unrestricted (-R) trees. A reduced stomatal aperture was the most likely explanation for the reduction in growth previously observed with the restricted unirrigated trees. Fruit size was also affected by root restriction and the effect became greater as the roots became more restricted with tree age. Similarly, there was also a negative effect, in one year, of root restriction on fruit size at harvest, even in the presence of irrigation. Data show that reductions in soil water availability, #PSI#_1 and g, for the root-restricted trees (+I +R), were unlikely to be the causes for the previously observed reductions in shoot growth (tree size). These results imply that other factors were in operation, among which root-synthesized chemical regulators of shoot growth are the most likely candidates.
机译：这项研究的目的是确定浇灌在根部限制膜中的成熟果园苹果树是否获得足够的水分生长。先前的数据显示了根系限制对减少苹果枝扩展生长的积极影响。在最大树木用水量（7月和8月）的每日周期内，测量了土壤基质势（#PSI #_（sm）），叶片气孔导度（g）和叶片水势（＃PSI＃_I）。在整个生长季节还对#PSI #_（sm）和水果大小进行了测量。每日和季节性#PSI #_（sm）表明，灌溉（+ I）时，根系束缚膜（+ R）内的土壤保持接近田间持水量（<100 HPa），而灌溉内的未灌溉土壤则不是这种情况。膜（-I + R）。 ＃PSI＃_1在拂晓前进行了测量，结果表明，在灌溉树和受限树（+ I + R）和非受限树（+ I -R和-I -R）之间，干旱胁迫的水平相似。在没有灌溉（-I + R）的情况下，根在限制膜内的树木的#PSI #_（sm）和＃PSI＃_1明显更负。 g的测量表明，在有灌溉（+ I + R）的条件下，有根或无灌溉条件下，根系受限的树木以类似的速率蒸腾。与无限制（-R）树木相比，气孔关闭无法解释观察到的限制灌溉（+ I + R）处理的＃PSI＃_1增加。气孔孔径的减小是最有可能的解释，原因是先前在受限的未经灌溉的树木上观察到的生长减少。果实的大小也受到根系限制的影响，并且随着树龄的增长，根系受到的限制也越来越大。同样，即使在灌溉条件下，一年内根系限制对果实大小也有不利影响。数据显示，对于根部受限的树木（+ I + R），土壤水分利用率＃PSI＃_1和g的减少不太可能是先前观察到的芽生长（树木大小）减少的原因。这些结果暗示着其他因素在起作用，其中最可能的候选者是根合成的芽生长化学调节剂。

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