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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology >Influence of watering on the yield and cracking of cherry, freshmarket and processing tomatoes
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Influence of watering on the yield and cracking of cherry, freshmarket and processing tomatoes

机译：浇水对樱桃，新鲜市场和加工番茄的产量和开裂的影响

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This two-year study (1994-95) analyses the effects of different irrigation treatments (using a drip irrigation system and furrow irrigation) and the subsequent varying degrees of soil water tension on both the productive response of tomato and the appearance of fruit cracking. Three cultivars were tested in these experiments: Evita 52~R, a cherry tomato, Aguilas~R, a fresh-market tomato and Guay~R, a processing tomato. The fresh-market cultivar and that of the cherry type were grown in greenhouses using a drip irrigation system. The processing cultivar was grown under a floating cover with furrow irrigation. The irrigation treatments for both years were based on crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) and their values were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ET_c for the first year, and 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 ET_c for the second year for the cultivars tested in greenhouses with the drip irrigation system. The cultivar grown outdoors received furrow irrigation with the values 0.5 and 1.0 ET_c for the first year and 0.4 and 0.8 ET_c for the second year. Soil water was measured with tensiometers during the entire treatment period. Higher rates of irrigation increased yields in two of the three cultivars Longitudinal cracking was the type most frequently observed in these experiments. In both years of the furrow irrigation experiments, the incidence of cracking was high when large fluctuations of the soil matric potential were induced after having maintained high negative values of this parameter during several previous days. In the experiments using drip irrigation, cracking was limited, but increased when high fluctuations in the soil matric potential were induced after having maintained high negative values of matric potential for several previous days, as was the case with furrow irrigation. Differences in cultivar susceptibility to fruit cracking were detected in the experiments. More cracking occurred during periods of higher temperatures.
机译：这项为期两年的研究（1994-95年）分析了不同灌溉方式（使用滴灌和沟灌）的效果以及随后不同程度的土壤水分张力对番茄的生产响应和果实裂痕的影响。在这些实验中测试了三个品种：Evita 52〜R（樱桃番茄），Aguilas〜R（新鲜番茄）和Guay〜R（加工番茄）。使用滴灌系统在温室中种植新鲜市场品种和樱桃类型品种。加工品种在沟灌条件下在浮盖下生长。两年的灌溉处理均基于作物的蒸散量（ET_c），第一年分别为滴灌测试的温室栽培品种，其值分别为0.5、1.0和1.5 ET_c，第二年分别为0.4、0.8和1.2 ET_c系统。在户外生长的品种第一年接受沟灌，其ET_c值为0.5和1.0，第二年为0.4和0.8 ET_c。在整个处理期间，用张力计测量土壤水分。在三个品种中的两个品种中，较高的灌溉速率提高了产量。在这些实验中，纵向裂化是最常见的类型。在两年的沟灌实验中，在前几天保持该参数的高负值后，当引起土壤基质势的大波动时，开裂的发生率很高。在使用滴灌的实验中，开裂是有限的，但在连续数天保持较高的基质势负值之后，引起土壤基质势的高波动时，裂隙会增加，如沟灌一样。在实验中发现了品种对裂果敏感性的差异。在较高温度下，更多的开裂发生。

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