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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology >The relative impacts of elevation and rainy days on the incidence of scab damage of pecan nuts in the southeastern USA.
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The relative impacts of elevation and rainy days on the incidence of scab damage of pecan nuts in the southeastern USA.

机译：海拔和阴雨天对美国东南部山核桃坚果结ab损害发生率的相对影响。

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摘要

The fungus, Fusicladosporium effusum (G.Winters) Partridge & Morgan-Jones, causes scab disease in pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] in the southeastern USA. Infections of the fruit shuck severely reduce nut production and could be minimised with a greater understanding of the ecology of the disease. We investigated the relative impacts of rain and elevation on the incidence of scab, as noted by a decline in nut weight. Data on the suppression of nut growth (weights from sprayed trees - weights from unsprayed trees) due to scab were collected from 18 orchards within ten counties in southern Georgia over 6 years, along with rainfall and elevation data from the National Climatic Data Center. Stepwise multiple regression analyses demonstrated that scab-mediated inhibition of nut growth decreased with elevation, but increased with the maximum rain period in April, June, July, and August (R2=0.82). Elevation had twice the effect of rain on the reduction in nut growth due to scab. Substituting total days of rain for the maximum rain period in June, June to July, or June to August, did not improve the relationship. Thus, within the June, June to July, or June to August intervals, scab damage was directly proportional to the single, longest wet period in each period and to orchard elevation. Although damage was most severe in June, the rain effect was cumulative and was greatest from June to August. These results demonstrate the importance of elevation for commercial pecan production, and the susceptibility of the nut to wet periods when the fruit are rapidly elongating and expanding. Spores released from scab lesions on young leaves during the Spring can infect fruit over the Summer, indicating the need for applications of fungicide before flowering.
机译：真菌 Fusicladosporium effusum （G.Winters）Partridge和Morgan-Jones在美国东南部的山核桃[ Carya illinoinensis （Wangenh。C. Koch）]中引起结sc病。剥果皮的感染会严重降低坚果的产量，并且可以通过对疾病生态学的更多了解而将其减少到最低限度。我们研究了降雨和海拔升高对结ab发病率的相对影响，如坚果重量的下降所表明的。六年来，从乔治亚州南部十个县的18个果园中收集了因结ab而导致的抑制坚果生长的数据（喷洒树木的重量-未喷洒树木的重量），以及来自国家气候数据中心的降雨和海拔数据。逐步多元回归分析表明，结ab对坚果生长的抑制作用随海拔升高而降低，但随最大降雨期（4月，6月，7月和8月（ R 2 /sup>=0.82）。海拔升高对因结。而导致的坚果生长减少的影响是降雨的两倍。用总降雨天数代替6月，6月至7月或6月至8月的最大降雨时间并不能改善这种关系。因此，在6月，6月至7月或6月至8月的时间间隔内，结damage损害与每个时期中最长的单个湿润时期和果园高程成正比。尽管6月的破坏最为严重，但降雨的影响是累积的，从6月至8月最大。这些结果证明了提高产量对商业山核桃的重要性，以及坚果对果实迅速伸长和膨胀的湿润期的敏感性。春季在幼叶上从sc疮病害释放的孢子可以在夏季感染果实，这表明在开花前需要使用杀菌剂。

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