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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology >Effects of photoperiod and temperature on growth and flowering in the annual (primocane) fruiting raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivar 'Polka'.
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Effects of photoperiod and temperature on growth and flowering in the annual (primocane) fruiting raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivar 'Polka'.

机译：光周期和温度对一年生（初茂）覆盆子（'Rubus idaeus L.）品种'Polka'生长和开花的影响。

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Growth and flowering of the annual-fruiting raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivar 'Polka' were studied under controlled environment conditions in order to facilitate out-of-season production. Vegetatively-propagated plants originating from adventitious root buds were used. Height growth and the rate of leaf formation increased with increasing temperature, up to a broad optimum in the mid-20 degrees C range. While elongation was consistently enhanced by long-day (LD) conditions, photoperiod had no effect on the rate of leaf formation. LD stimulation of growth thus resulted from increased internode length only. In agreement with earlier reports, it was found that, in contrast to biennial-fruiting cultivars, such annual-fruiting cultivars do not need low temperatures for flower initiation, nor do they appear to have a juvenile phase during which they are un-responsive to flower-inducing conditions. 'Polka' plants responded to inductive conditions as early as the 5-leaf stage, and flowered freely across the entire range of growth temperatures, even at 30 degrees C. Flowering was advanced and the number of flowers increased with increasing temperature, up to an optimum at 27 degrees C. Flowering was also consistently advanced and occurred at lower nodes under LD than under short-day (SD) conditions across the whole range of temperatures. Night interruption for 3 h in the middle of the night was also effective, demonstrating that this is a true photoperiodic response and not merely an effect of increased light integral in LD. It was also confirmed that a distinct vernalisation-type advancement of flowering took place when small, non-dormant plants were exposed to additional chilling at 6 degrees C for several weeks. At low temperatures, a large proportion of the lateral buds were dormant, so that, at 12 degrees C, the plants actually flowered only at their tips. Dissections also revealed that the dormant buds had initiated flowers; but, because of their dormant state, they needed several weeks of chilling before they could flower (biennial-fruiting behaviour). Both types of buds were initiated by the same environmental conditions. Practical applications of the findings are suggested.
机译：在可控的环境条件下研究了一年生树莓（Rubus idaeus L.）品种'Polka'的生长和开花，以促进反季节生产。使用了来自不定根芽的无性繁殖植物。随着温度的升高，高度的增长和叶片的形成速度也随之增加，在20摄氏度左右的范围内达到了最佳的水平。虽然长期（LD）条件持续延长伸长率，但光周期对叶片形成速率没有影响。因此，LD的生长刺激仅由节间长度增加引起。与较早的报道相一致，发现与双年生的品种相比，此类一年生的品种不需要低温进行花期萌芽，也没有处于幼年期，对它们无反应。诱导花的条件。 'Polka'植物早在5叶期就对诱导条件做出了响应，并且在整个生长温度范围（甚至在30摄氏度）都可以自由开花。开花随着温度的升高而进展，并且花朵的数量增加，直至最适宜的温度是在27摄氏度。在整个温度范围内，LD的开花也比短日（SD）条件下的更低，持续生长。午夜中断3小时也很有效，表明这是真正的光周期反应，而不仅仅是增加LD中光积分的影响。还证实了，当小型非休眠植物在6°C下额外冷藏几个星期时，会发生明显的春化型开花。在低温下，很大一部分侧芽处于休眠状态，因此在12摄氏度时，植物实际上仅在其顶端开花。解剖还显示，休眠的芽已开花。但是，由于它们处于休眠状态，因此需要花几周的冷藏后才能开花（每两年开花一次）。两种类型的芽都是在相同的环境条件下引发的。建议该发现的实际应用。

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