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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine >Seminars from the University of Minnesota. Chromosome translocations: dangerous liaisons.
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Seminars from the University of Minnesota. Chromosome translocations: dangerous liaisons.

机译：明尼苏达大学的研讨会。染色体易位：危险联络。

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Many chromosome abnormalities, especially translocations or inversions, are closely associated with a particular morphologic or phenotypic subtype of leukemia, lymphoma, or sarcoma. Cloning the genes at the breakpoints of these rearrangements has provided critical tools for more-precise diagnosis; in some cases the particular diagnosis has prognostic implications. In addition, many of the genes had not been previously identified; their discovery has had a major impact on our understanding of the molecular biology of cancer. One such gene is MLL (myeloid-lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia), which is located at chromosome band 11q23. This gene is involved in the 4;11 and 11;19 (p13.3) translocations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and in the 6;11, 9;11, and 11;19 (p13.1) translocations in acute myeloblastic leukemia. It is also involved in most translocations in infants (under 1 year of age) with acute leukemia and in patients with acute leukemia who were previously treated with drugs that inhibit toposiomerase II. The target gene of MLL is unknown at present, but because of its homology to the trithorax gene in Drosophila, and based on experimental data from mice, it appears to be involved in maintaining the function of some of the homeobox genes. The development of cytogenetic and molecular probes for MLL rearrangements has confirmed that translocations involving MLL are associated with a very poor prognosis. Thus physicians can identify patients with MLL involvement and can institute treatment for these high-risk patients. An increasing understanding of MLL should lead to more-effective targeted therapy.
机译：许多染色体异常，特别是易位或倒位，与白血病，淋巴瘤或肉瘤的特定形态或表型亚型密切相关。在这些重排的断裂点克隆基因为更精确的诊断提供了关键工具。在某些情况下，特定的诊断具有预后意义。另外，许多基因以前没有被鉴定过。他们的发现对我们对癌症分子生物学的理解产生了重大影响。一种这样的基因是MLL（髓样-淋巴或混合谱系白血病），其位于染色体带11q23。该基因与急性淋巴细胞白血病中的4; 11和11; 19（p13.3）易位有关，并与急性粒细胞性白血病中的6; 11、9; 11和11; 19（p13.1）易位有关。它也与急性白血病的婴儿（1岁以下）和先前接受抑制拓扑异构酶II药物治疗的急性白血病的大多数易位有关。 MLL的目标基因目前尚不清楚，但是由于它与果蝇中的三胸草基因同源，并且根据小鼠的实验数据，它似乎参与了某些同源盒基因的功能维持。用于MLL重排的细胞遗传学和分子探针的发展已证实涉及MLL的易位与非常差的预后有关。因此，医生可以识别出患有MLL的患者，并可以为这些高危患者制定治疗方案。对MLL的越来越多的了解应导致更有效的靶向治疗。

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