When Testing With Live Agents Is too Risky... Computer Modeling and Simulation May Be a Valuable and Cost-Effective Alternative

Bill Rearick; David Godso

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When Testing With Live Agents Is too Risky... Computer Modeling and Simulation May Be a Valuable and Cost-Effective Alternative

机译：当使用实时代理进行测试的风险太大时...计算机建模和仿真可能是一种有价值且具有成本效益的选择

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The rapid pace of advances in weaponry and tactics on today's battlefield greatly compresses the traditional development time available to meet the need for solutions to be placed in the hands of the warrior. As a result, there is a more and more common need to test in conjunction with development, training, and deployment of systems or capabilities. In this article, we explore how recent advances in computer models and simulations are being utilized to conduct more realistic immersive training against chemical agents in a virtual environment. The chemical agent is generated in a virtual overlay of the selected training area. Existing Department of Defense models and tools are used to promulgate and dissipate the plume as well as automatically adjudicate casualties in several levels of severity based upon agent concentrations and the protection status of the participant. An after-action review system allows playback and review following the event and provides hard-data recording for testing purposes. There are obvious areas in which computer modeling and simulation can be used to enhance training and testing while capturing efficiency advantages by leveraging existing systems to meet multiple purposes in a fiscally constrained environment.

机译：在当今战场上，武器和战术的飞速发展极大地压缩了可用于满足将解决方案交付给战士的需求的传统开发时间。结果，越来越需要结合系统，功能的开发，培训和部署进行测试。在本文中，我们探索如何利用计算机模型和仿真的最新进展对虚拟环境中的化学试剂进行更现实的浸入式训练。在所选培训区域的虚拟覆盖图中生成化学试剂。国防部现有的模型和工具用于传播和消散羽流，并根据代理人的浓度和参与者的防护状态，以几种严重程度自动裁定人员伤亡。事后审阅系统允许在事件发生后进行回放和审阅，并提供硬数据记录以进行测试。在明显的领域中，可以利用计算机建模和仿真来增强培训和测试，同时通过利用现有系统在财政拮据的环境中满足多种目的来获得效率优势。

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《The ITEA Journal》 |2011年第4期|共5页
作者
Bill Rearick; David Godso;
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正文语种 eng
中图分类工程基础科学;
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After-action review; Chemical agents; Computer models and simulations; Fiscal constraint; Immersive training; Realism; Virtual environment;

机译：事后审查;化学制剂;计算机模型和仿真;财政约束;沉浸式培训;现实主义;虚拟环境;

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1. When Testing With Live Agents Is too Risky... Computer Modeling and Simulation May Be a Valuable and Cost-Effective Alternative [J] . Bill Rearick, David Godso The ITEA Journal . 2011,第4期

机译：当使用实时代理进行测试的风险太大时...计算机建模和仿真可能是一种有价值且具有成本效益的选择
2. Fully composite beams with U-shaped steel girders: Full-scale tests, computer simulations, and simplified analysis models [J] . Lanhui Guo, Yong Liu, Bing Qu Engineering Structures . 2018,第Deca15期

机译：带有U型钢梁的全组合梁：全面测试，计算机模拟和简化的分析模型
3. Fully composite beams with U-shaped steel girders: Full-scale tests, computer simulations, and simplified analysis models [J] . Lanhui Guo, Yong Liu, Bing Qu Engineering Structures . 2018,第DECa15期

机译：带有U型钢梁的全组合梁：全面测试，计算机模拟和简化的分析模型
4. Fully Resolved Large Eddy Simulation as an Alternative to Towing Tank Resistance Tests - 32 Billion Cells Computation on K computer [C] . Tatsuo Nishikawa, Yoshinobu Yamade, Masaru Sakuma, Numerical Towing Tank Symposium . 2014

机译：完全解决的大型涡流模拟作为牵引罐电阻测试的替代方案 - K计算机上的320亿电池计算
5. Banking and asset bubbles: Testing the theory of free banking using agent-based computer simulations and laboratory experiments. [D] . McBride, William Howard Alford. 2010

机译：银行和资产泡沫：使用基于代理的计算机模拟和实验室实验测试自由银行的理论。
6. Colloquium PaperAdaptive Agents Intelligence and Emergent Human Organization: Capturing Complexity through Agent-Based Modeling: Invariance and universality in social agent-based simulations [O] . Claudio Cioffi-Revilla 2002

机译：座谈会论文自适应智能体情报和新兴人类组织：通过基于智能体的建模捕获复杂性：基于社会智能体的模拟中的不变性和普遍性
7. The thermodynamic changes that occur upon mixing five models of formamide and three models of water, including the miscibility of these model combinations itself, is studied by performing Monte Carlo computer simulations using an appropriately chosen thermodynamic cycle and the method of thermodynamic integration. The results show that the mixing of these two components is close to the ideal mixing, as both the energy and entropy of mixing turn out to be rather close to the ideal term in the entire composition range. Concerning the energy of mixing, the OPLS/AA-mod model of formamide behaves in a qualitatively different way than the other models considered. Thus, this model results in negative, while the other ones in positive energy of mixing values in combination with all three water models considered. Experimental data supports this latter behavior. Although the Helmholtz free energy of mixing always turns out to be negative in the entire composition range, the majority of the model combinations tested either show limited miscibility, or, at least, approach the miscibility limit very closely in certain compositions. Concerning both the miscibility and the energy of mixing of these model combinations, we recommend the use of the combination of the CHARMM formamide and TIP4P water models in simulations of water-formamide mixtures. [O] . Kiss, Bálint, Fábián, Balázs, Idrissi, Abdenacer, 2017

机译：通过使用适当选择的热力学循环和热力学积分方法进行蒙特卡罗计算机模拟，研究了将五种甲酰胺模型和三种水模型混合在一起时发生的热力学变化，包括这些模型组合本身的可混溶性。结果表明这两种组分的混合接近于理想的混合，因为混合的能量和熵在整个组成范围内都非常接近理想的项。关于混合的能量，甲酰胺的OPLS / AA-mod模型与其他模型相比，在质量上有不同的表现。因此，该模型得出的结果是负的，而其他模型则综合考虑了所有三个水模型的结果的正能量。实验数据支持后一种行为。尽管混合的亥姆霍兹自由能在整个组成范围内始终为负，但大多数测试模型组合显示出有限的混溶性，或至少非常接近某些组合物的混溶性极限。关于这些模型组合的可混溶性和混合能量，我们建议在水-甲酰胺混合物的模拟中使用CHARMM甲酰胺和TIP4P水模型的组合。
8. Computer Simulation Modeling: A Method for Predicting the Utilities of Alternative Computer-Aided Threat Evaluation Algorithms. [R] . Ainsworth, J. S., Kubala, S. 1990

机译：计算机仿真建模：一种预测备用计算机辅助威胁评估算法实用程序的方法。

When Testing With Live Agents Is too Risky... Computer Modeling and Simulation May Be a Valuable and Cost-Effective Alternative

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