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首页> 外文期刊>The annals of pharmacotherapy >Reexamining syphilis: an update on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management.
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Reexamining syphilis: an update on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management.

机译：重新检查梅毒：流行病学，临床表现和管理方面的最新进展。

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OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of syphilis. DATA SOURCES: Studies and reviews were abstracted from MEDLINE (1950-April 2007) using the search term syphilis. All papers were cross-referenced to identify additional studies and reviews for inclusion. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Pertinent original research articles, review articles, and book chapters were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS: Syphilis is a spirochetal disease that has plagued mankind for centuries. Following a low incidence of syphilis in the US for the last 2 decades, rates are now increasing both in the US and other parts of the world. Once acquired, syphilis can pass through 4 distinct stages of disease: primary syphilis, secondary syphilis, latent syphilis, and tertiary syphilis, with each stage being characterized by different symptoms and levels of infectivity. Diagnosis is made primarily by serologic assays with nontreponemal tests such as the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory andthe Rapid Plasma Reagin assay used for screening. Treponemal tests including the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination and the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test are then used for confirmation. Recommended treatment regimens are based largely on uncontrolled trials and clinical experience. Penicillin is the treatment of choice, with the preparation and treatment duration varying for different stages. Benzathine penicillin is the treatment of choice for all stages of syphilis except neurosyphilis, for which aqueous crystalline penicillin or procaine penicillin is used due to the central nervous system penetration of these formulations. Coinfection with both syphilis and HIV occurs frequently due to common risk factors. These 2 diseases interact with each other, making both diagnosis and treatment more complicated. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of syphilis as well as current guidelines for the management and treatment of this disease.
机译：目的：回顾梅毒的流行病学，临床特征，诊断和治疗。数据来源：研究和评论来自MEDLINE（1950年4月至2007年4月），使用搜索词梅毒。所有论文都经过交叉引用，以识别其他研究和收录。研究选择和数据提取：对相关的原始研究文章，评论文章和书籍章节进行了评估。数据综合：梅毒是一种困扰人类数百年的螺旋体疾病。在过去的20年中，梅毒在美国的发病率很低，现在在美国和世界其他地区，梅毒的发病率正在上升。梅毒一旦获得，就可以经历疾病的四个不同阶段：原发性梅毒，继发性梅毒，潜伏性梅毒和三级梅毒，每个阶段的特征是不同的症状和感染水平。诊断主要是通过血清学检测和非端粒检测进行的，例如性病研究实验室和用于筛查的快速血浆Reagin检测。然后使用包括梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集在内的发质检查和荧光性发质检测。推荐的治疗方案主要基于不受控制的试验和临床经验。青霉素是一种选择的治疗方法，其制备和治疗持续时间因不同阶段而异。苄星青霉素是除神经性梅毒外所有阶段梅毒的治疗选择，由于这些制剂的中枢神经系统渗透作用，因此使用结晶性青霉素或普鲁卡因青霉素水溶液。由于常见的危险因素，梅毒和艾滋病毒并发感染经常发生。这两种疾病相互作用，使诊断和治疗更加复杂。结论：临床医生应了解梅毒的体征和症状，以及当前治疗和治疗该疾病的指南。

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