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首页> 外文期刊>The New Phytologist >The cellular and molecular biology of conifer embryogenesis
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The cellular and molecular biology of conifer embryogenesis

机译：针叶树胚胎发生的细胞和分子生物学

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Gymnosperms and angiosperms are thought to have evolved from a common ancestor c. 300 million yr ago. The manner in which gymnosperms and angiosperms form seeds has diverged and, although broad similarities are evident, the anatomy and cell and molecular biology of embryogenesis in gymnosperms, such as the coniferous trees pine, spruce and fir, differ significantly from those in the most widely studied model angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular analysis of signaling pathways and processes such as programmed cell death and embryo maturation indicates that many developmental pathways are conserved between angiosperms and gymnosperms. Recent genomics research reveals that almost 30% of mRNAs found in developing pine embryos are absent from other conifer expressed sequence tag (EST) collections. These data show that the conifer embryo differs markedly from other gymnosperm tissues studied to date in terms of the range of genes transcribed. Approximately 72% of conifer embryo-expressed genes are found in the Arabidopsis proteome and conifer embryos contain mRNAs of very similar sequence to key genes that regulate seed development in Arabidopsis. However, 1388 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) embryo ESTs (11.4% of the collection) are novel and, to date, have been found in no other plant. The data imply that, in gymnosperm embryogenesis, differences in structure and development are achieved by subtle molecular interactions, control of spatial and temporal gene expression and the regulating agency of a few unique proteins.
机译：裸子植物和被子植物被认为是从共同祖先进化而来的。 3亿年前。裸子植物和被子植物形成种子的方式有所不同，尽管有广泛的相似性，但裸子植物（例如松树，云杉和冷杉）的胚发生的解剖学，细胞和分子生物学却与最广泛的显着不同。研究了模型被子植物拟南芥。对信号传导途径和过程（例如程序性细胞死亡和胚胎成熟）的分子分析表明，被子植物和裸子植物之间存在许多发育途径。最近的基因组学研究表明，在其他松树针叶树表达序列标签（EST）集合中不存在发育中的松树胚胎中几乎30％的mRNA。这些数据表明，针叶树胚胎在转录基因范围方面与迄今为止研究的其他裸子植物组织显着不同。在拟南芥蛋白质组中发现了约72％的针叶树胚胎表达基因，并且针叶树胚胎的mRNA与调控拟南芥种子发育的关键基因的序列非常相似。但是，有1388个火炬松（EST taeda）胚胎EST（占集合的11.4％）是新颖的，迄今为止，在其他植物中均未发现。数据暗示，在裸子植物的胚胎发生中，结构和发育的差异是通过微妙的分子相互作用，时空基因表达的控制以及一些独特蛋白质的调节机构实现的。

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