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首页> 外文期刊>The New Phytologist >Competition between roots and microorganisms for nitrogen: mechanisms and ecological relevance
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Competition between roots and microorganisms for nitrogen: mechanisms and ecological relevance

机译：根与微生物之间的氮竞争：机理与生态相关性

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Demand of all living organisms on the same nutrients forms the basis for interspecific competition between plants and microorganisms in soils. This competition is especially strong in the rhizosphere. To evaluate competitive and mutualistic interactions between plants and microorganisms and to analyse ecological consequences of these interactions, we analysed 424 data pairs from 41 15N-labelling studies that investigated 15N redistribution between roots and microorganisms. Calculated Michaelis-Mentenkinetics based on Km (Michaelis constant) and Vmax (maximum uptake capacity) values from 77 studies on the uptake of nitrate, ammonia, and amino acids by roots and microorganisms clearly showed that, shortly after nitrogen (N) mobilization from soil organic matter and litter, microorganisms take up most N. Lower Km values of microorganisms suggest that they are especially efficient at low N concentrations, but can also acquire more N at higher N concentrations (Vmax) compared with roots. Because of theunidirectional flow of nutrients from soil to roots, plants are the winners for N acquisition in the long run. Therefore, despite strong competition between roots and microorganisms for N, a temporal niche differentiation reflecting their generation times leads to mutualistic relationships in the rhizosphere. This temporal niche differentiation is highly relevant ecologically because it: protects ecosystems from N losses by leaching during periods of slow or no root uptake; continuously provides rootswith available N according to plant demand; and contributes to the evolutionary development of mutualistic interactions between roots and microorganisms.
机译：所有生物对相同养分的需求构成了植物与土壤中微生物之间种间竞争的基础。这种竞争在根际上尤其激烈。为了评估植物与微生物之间的竞争性和互惠性相互作用并分析这些相互作用的生态后果，我们分析了41个15N标签研究中的424个数据对，这些研究调查了根与微生物之间15N的重新分布。根据77个关于根和微生物吸收硝酸盐，氨和氨基酸的研究得出的基于Km（米氏常数）和Vmax（最大吸收量）值的米氏运动力学清楚地表明，从土壤中吸收氮后不久有机物和垫料中，微生物吸收的氮最多。微生物的Km值较低，表明它们在低氮浓度下尤其有效，但与根相比，在高氮浓度（Vmax）下也可以吸收更多的氮。由于养分从土壤到根的单向流动，从长远来看，植物是获得氮素的赢家。因此，尽管根与微生物之间对氮的竞争激烈，但反映其生成时间的时空生态位分化导致根际中的相互关系。这种时间上的生态位分化在生态学上具有高度相关性，因为它：通过在缓慢吸收或根本没有根吸收的过程中浸出，保护生态系统免受氮损失;根据植物的需求不断提供氮素有效的根。并有助于根与微生物之间相互相互作用的进化发展。

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