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首页> 外文期刊>The journals of gerontology.Series A. Biological sciences and medical sciences >Dietary variety predicts low body mass index and inadequate macronutrient and micronutrient intakes in community-dwelling older adults.
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Dietary variety predicts low body mass index and inadequate macronutrient and micronutrient intakes in community-dwelling older adults.

机译：饮食多样性预测，居住在社区的老年人体内的体重指数较低，而常量营养素和微量营养素的摄入不足。

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BACKGROUND: Low body mass index (BMI) and micronutrient deficiencies are associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates in old age. Whether adverse patterns of dietary variety predict both low BMI and low micronutrient intakes in older adults was investigated. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of national survey data was conducted in 1174 healthy adult men and women (ages 21 to 90 years) who provided physiologically plausible dietary data in the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. Measurements included reported energy intake, protein intake (percentage meeting Recommended Dietary Allowance), micronutrient intakes (percentage meeting Estimated Average Requirements for 14 micronutrients), and BMI. RESULTS: Adults who were 61 years or older consumed a greater total variety of foods, chose foods from a wider range of food groups, had a greater variety of micronutrient-dense foods and energy-weak foods, and had a lower variety of micronutrient-weak foods compared with adults ages 21 to 60 years (p < .05 to.001). However, older adults with low BMIs (< 22 kg/m2) consumed a lower variety of energy-dense foods compared with older adults with higher BMIs (p < .05). The variety of energy-dense foods predicted both energy intake and BMI at all ages in multiple regression models controlling for confounding variables (R2 = .124 for energy, R2 = .574 for BMI, p < .001). A higher percentage of older persons had inadequate micronutrient intakes compared with younger persons (p < .05), especially vitamin E, calcium, and magnesium, but consumption of a particularly wide variety of micronutrient-rich foods helped counterbalance these trends (p < .05). Older adults who had a low BMI and consumed a low variety of micronutrient-dense foods were particularly at nutritional risk, with only 65.4% consuming the Recommended Dietary Allowance for protein and none meeting the Estimated Average Requirements for all 14 micronutrients. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previous suggestions that older persons consume a monotonous diet, this study showed that adults who were 61 years or older consumed a greater total food variety, and a greater variety of micronutrient-dense and energy-weak foods, compared with adults who were 60 years or younger. Although consumption of a low variety of energy-dense foods may contribute to reduced energy intake and body weight at any age, the variety of micronutrient-dense foods consumed needs to increase in old age to prevent micronutrient deficiencies. These findings suggest that all adults need advice on the changing needs for dietary variety with aging to maintain health, and that older persons with low BMI are particularly vulnerable to dietary shortfalls.
机译：背景：低体重指数（BMI）和微量营养素缺乏与老年发病率和死亡率增加相关。饮食形式的不利模式是否可以预测老年人的BMI和微量营养素摄入低。方法：对1994年至1994年的个人食物摄入连续调查中提供生理上合理的饮食数据的1174名健康成年男女（年龄在21至90岁之间）进行了国家调查数据的横断面分析。测量包括报告的能量摄入，蛋白质摄入（达到建议的膳食标准的百分比），微量元素摄入（符合14种微量元素估计平均需求的百分比）和BMI。结果：61岁或以上的成年人食用了更多种类的食物，从更广泛的食物组中选择了食物，微量营养素含量高的食物和能量较弱的食物种类也更多，而微量营养素的种类则更少。与21至60岁的成年人相比，食物较弱（p <0.05至0.001）。但是，与BMI较高的老年人相比，BMI较低（<22 kg / m2）的老年人食用的能量密集食品种类较少（p <.05）。在控制混杂变量的多元回归模型中，各种高能量食品预测了各个年龄段的能量摄入和BMI（能量的R2 = .124，体重指数的R2 = .574，p <.001）。与年轻人相比，老年人中微量营养素摄入不足的比例更高（p <.05），尤其是维生素E，钙和镁，但是食用多种微量营养素丰富的食品有助于抵消这些趋势（p <。 05）。 BMI较低且食用微量营养素含量低的食物的老年人尤其处于营养风险中，只有65.4％的人食用蛋白质的建议饮食津贴，而没有满足所有14种微量营养素的估计平均需求。结论：与先前的建议老年人食用单调饮食的建议相反，本研究表明，与成年人相比，61岁或以上的成年人食用更多的总食物种类，以及更多的微营养丰富和能量弱的食物60岁以下的人。尽管在任何年龄段进食低能量种类繁多的食物都可能导致能量摄入减少和体重下降，但是为了防止微量元素缺乏症，老年人所消耗的微量元素含量高的食物需要增加。这些发现表明，所有成年人都需要就随着年龄增长而变化的饮食品种的需求提供建议，以保持健康，而BMI较低的老年人特别容易受到饮食不足的影响。

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