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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America >Measurements of directional properties of reverberant sound fields in rooms using a spherical microphone array
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Measurements of directional properties of reverberant sound fields in rooms using a spherical microphone array

机译：使用球形麦克风阵列测量房间混响声场的方向性

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摘要

The directional variation of sound at a point has been studied in three rooms, using a measurement system described previously [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 112, 1980-1991 (2002)]. The system uses a pair of 32-element spherical microphone arrays to obtain directional impulse responses in each of 60 steering directions, with an angular resolution of 28degrees, covering all directions in the whole solid angle. Together, the array measurements span the frequency range from 300 to 3300 Hz. The angular distribution of incident sound energy is visualized on a three-dimensional plot, and quantified by computing the directional diffusion and the directional peak-to-average level difference ("anisotropy index") of the sound field. The small-to-medium-sized rooms had reverberation times of 360, 400, and 600 ms. Measurements were made for several source and receiver locations in each, and were analyzed over several time ranges (full decay time of room, late time decay, 2-ms windows throughout the decay). All measured sound fields were found to be highly directional, the distribution of arriving energy at a point greatly influenced by the early specular reflections. The directions and arrival times of these reflections were identified from the measurements, giving excellent agreement with those expected from knowledge of the room geometry. It was observed that as time progressed, the sound fields initially exhibited increasing isotropy, followed by increasing anisotropy, due to nonuniform absorption in the rooms. The measurement system is capable of yielding detailed information about the reverberant sound field in a room, and is easily modified to be able to analyze ambient or time-varying fields.
机译：使用先前描述的测量系统，已经在三个房间中研究了一个点的声音方向变化[J. co Soc。上午。 112，1980-1991（2002）]。该系统使用一对32个元素的球形麦克风阵列来获得60个转向中每个方向的方向冲激响应，角分辨率为28度，覆盖整个立体角的所有方向。阵列测量结果共同覆盖了300至3300 Hz的频率范围。入射声能的角度分布在三维图中可视化，并通过计算声场的方向扩散和方向峰均水平差（“各向异性指数”）进行量化。中小型房间的混响时间分别为360、400和600毫秒。对每个位置的多个源和接收器位置进行了测量，并在几个时间范围内进行了分析（房间的完全衰减时间，延迟时间衰减，整个衰减过程中的2毫秒窗口）。发现所有测得的声场都是高度定向的，到达能量的分布在一个点上受早期镜面反射的影响很大。通过测量确定了这些反射的方向和到达时间，这与从房间几何形状知识中预期得到的结果非常一致。可以观察到，随着时间的流逝，由于房间中的吸收不均匀，声场起初表现出各向同性的增加，然后各向异性增加。该测量系统能够产生有关房间中混响声场的详细信息，并且易于修改以能够分析环境或时变场。

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