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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America >A model of echolocation of multiple targets in 3D space from a single emission
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A model of echolocation of multiple targets in 3D space from a single emission

机译：一次发射中3D空间中多个目标的回声定位模型

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摘要

Bats, using frequency-modulated echolocation sounds, can capture a moving target in real 3D space. The process by which they are able to accomplish this, however, is not completely understood. This work offers and analyzes a model for description of one mechanism that may play a role in the echolocation process of real bats. This mechanism allows for the localization of targets in 3D space from the echoes produced by a single emission. It is impossible to locate multiple targets in 3D space by using only the delay time between an emission and the resulting echoes received at two points (i.e., two ears). To locate multiple targets in 3D space requires directional information for each target. The frequency of the spectral notch, which is the frequency corresponding to the minimum of the external ear's transfer function, provides a crucial cue for directional localization. The spectrum of the echoes from nearly equidistant targets includes spectral components of both the interference between the echoes and the interference resulting from the physical process of reception at the external ear. Thus, in order to extract the spectral component associated with the external ear, this component must first be distinguished from the spectral components associated with the interference of echoes from nearly equidistant targets. In the model presented, a computation that consists of the deconvolution of the spectrum is used to extract the external-ear-dependent component in the time domain. This model describes one mechanism that can be used to locate multiple targets in 3D space.
机译：蝙蝠使用调频的回声定位声音，可以捕获真实3D空间中的移动目标。但是，他们能够完成此过程的过程尚未完全了解。这项工作提供并分析了一个模型，用于描述可能在实际蝙蝠的回声定位过程中起作用的一种机制。这种机制可以根据单个发射产生的回波将目标定位在3D空间中。仅使用发射与在两个点（即两只耳朵）接收到的回波之间的延迟时间，不可能在3D空间中定位多个目标。在3D空间中定位多个目标需要每个目标的方向信息。频谱陷波的频率，即对应于外耳传递函数最小值的频率，为定向定位提供了关键提示。来自几乎等距目标的回声的频谱包括回声之间的干扰以及由外耳接收的物理过程导致的干扰的频谱分量。因此，为了提取与外耳相关的频谱分量，必须首先将该分量与与来自近等距离目标的回波的干扰相关的频谱分量区分开。在提出的模型中，由频谱去卷积组成的计算用于提取时域中与外耳有关的分量。该模型描述了一种可用于在3D空间中定位多个目标的机制。

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