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首页> 外文期刊>The Laryngoscope: A Medical Journal for Clinical and Research Contributions in Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery, Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery .. >Early development of the nose in human embryos: a stereomicroscopic and histologic analysis.
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Early development of the nose in human embryos: a stereomicroscopic and histologic analysis.

机译：人类胚胎中鼻子的早期发育：立体显微镜和组织学分析。

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OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To analyze the morphologic features of the nose in the human embryo from the 4th to 8th developmental week according to Carnegie stage. STUDY DESIGN: Stereomicroscopic and histologic analysis of the morphology of the human embryo. METHODS: A total of 27 cases of embryos, ranging from Carnegie stage 13 to 23, were analyzed. The external morphology was observed with a stereomicroscope, photographed, and analyzed. The histologic features were observed with a light microscope in the horizontally transected specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin. RESULTS: The nasal placode was observed in stage 13, and it became flat or even concave in stage 14. In stage 15, the nasal pit was formed. In stage 16, the nasal sac and nasal fin were observed. In stage 17, the oronasal membrane was formed by thinning of the nasal fin. In stage 18, the primitive choana was established by a rupture of the oronasal membrane. In stage 19, the lateral palatine process projected vertically below the level of the tongue. The cartilaginous nasal capsule was formed in stage 20. In stage 21, the olfactory area was localized to the upper portion of the lateral nasal wall and the nasal septum. In stage 22, the lateral palatine process developed in a somewhat horizontal orientation. In stage 23, the premaxilla and primitive choana were formed. CONCLUSIONS: The development of the nose is most active from Carnegie stage 13 to 19, which corresponds to the end of the fourth embryonic week to the end of the seventh week. Thus, this period is considered to be the most important period in human nasal embryonic development.
机译：目的/假设：根据卡内基分期，分析第4至第8个发育周人类胚胎鼻子的形态特征。研究设计：人类胚胎形态的立体显微镜和组织学分析。方法：对卡内基13到23期的27例胚胎进行了分析。用立体显微镜观察外部形态，照相并分析。用光学显微镜在用苏木精-曙红染色的水平横切标本中观察组织学特征。结果：在第13阶段观察到鼻斑，在第14阶段变为扁平甚至凹入。在第15阶段，形成了鼻窝。在阶段16中，观察到了鼻囊和鼻鳍。在第17阶段，通过鼻鳍变薄形成口鼻膜。在第18阶段，通过口鼻膜破裂建立原始的冠状动脉。在阶段19中，p侧突突向舌头下方垂直突出。软骨鼻囊在第20阶段形成。在第21阶段，嗅觉区域位于鼻外侧侧壁和鼻中隔的上部。在阶段22中，侧向process骨过程在一定水平方向上发展。在第23阶段，形成了前上颌和原始冠状动脉。结论：从卡内基第13到19阶段，鼻子的发育最为活跃，这对应于第四个胚胎周的结束到第七周的结束。因此，该时期被认为是人鼻胚胎发育中最重要的时期。

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