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首页> 外文期刊>The quarterly journal of experimental psychology: QJEP >Some effort for some: Further evidence that scalar implicatures are effortful
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Some effort for some: Further evidence that scalar implicatures are effortful

机译：需要一些努力：进一步的证据表明标量蕴含是努力的

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摘要

Under the assumption of the principle of cooperation (Grice, 1989), a statement such as "some eels are fish" is thought to be false since it contains less information than is considered sufficient. However, the statement is logically sound since the meaning of "some" is compatible with "all". Currently, the primary interpretation of such underinformative statements remains subject to debate. According to Levinson (2000), the pragmatic "some but not all" interpretation is the default interpretation, while others (e.g., Sperber & Wilson, 1995) argue that this pragmatic interpretation only comes to the fore when relevant within the context and is thus considered secondary to the logical "some and perhaps all" interpretation. In this study, three factors that may influence the answer pattern are studied: task load, working memory capacity, and repetition of the statements. In Experiment 1, we used a secondary task paradigm to manipulate the cognitive load under which a number of underinformative statements had to be judged. We observed that for participants with a rather limited working memory span it is harder to reach a pragmatic interpretation under cognitive load. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the repetition of the statements. We observed that with a higher number of filler statements, participants produced fewer consistent answer patterns. This study provides further evidence against the automaticity of the pragmatic interpretation: It shows that the pragmatic interpretation requires more cognitive effort than the logical interpretation and that increasing the number of filler statements inhibits the development of a response strategy.
机译：在合作原则的假设下（Grice，1989），诸如“有些鳗鱼是鱼”之类的陈述被认为是错误的，因为它所包含的信息少于被认为足够的信息。但是，该语句在逻辑上是合理的，因为“ some”的含义与“ all”兼容。目前，对此类信息不足的陈述的主要解释尚有争议。根据莱文森（2000），务实的“一些但不是全部”解释是默认的解释，而另一些（例如，Sperber＆Wilson，1995）则认为，这种务实的解释仅在上下文相关时才脱颖而出，因此是被认为对逻辑“某些甚至全部”的解释是次要的。在这项研究中，研究了可能影响答案模式的三个因素：任务负载，工作记忆容量和陈述的重复。在实验1中，我们使用辅助任务范式来操纵认知负荷，在该认知负荷下必须判断许多信息不足的陈述。我们观察到，对于工作记忆范围相当有限的参与者，在认知负荷下很难达到实用的解释。在实验2中，我们操纵了语句的重复。我们观察到，随着填充语句的数量增加，参与者产生的一致性答案模式也更少。这项研究为反对实用解释的自动化提供了进一步的证据：表明实用解释比逻辑解释需要更多的认知努力，并且增加填充语句的数量会抑制响应策略的发展。

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