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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Clicking caterpillars: acoustic aposematism in Antheraea polyphemus and other Bombycoidea
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Clicking caterpillars: acoustic aposematism in Antheraea polyphemus and other Bombycoidea

机译：毛毛虫：An虫和其他Bombycoidea中的声学脂泻

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Acoustic signals produced by caterpillars have been documented for over 100 years, but in the majority of cases their significance is unknown. This study is the first to experimentally examine the phenomenon of audible sound production in larval Lepidoptera, focusing on a common silkmoth caterpillar, Antheraea polyphemus (Saturniidae). Larvae produce airborne sounds, resembling ;clicks', with their mandibles. Larvae typically signal multiple times in quick succession, producing trains that last over 1 min and include 50-55 clicks. Individual clicks within a train are on average 24.7 ms in duration, often consisting of multiple components. Clicks are audible in a quiet room, measuring 58.1-78.8 dB peSPL at 10 cm. They exhibit a broadband frequency that extends into the ultrasound spectrum, with most energy between 8 and 18 kHz. Our hypothesis that clicks function as acoustic aposematic signals, was supported by several lines of evidence. Experiments with forceps and domestic chicks correlated sound production with attack, and an increase in attack rate was positively correlated with the number of signals produced. In addition, sound production typically preceded or accompanied defensive regurgitation. Bioassays with invertebrates (ants) and vertebrates (mice) revealed that the regurgitant is deterrent to would-be predators. Comparative evidence revealed that other Bombycoidea species, including Actias luna (Saturniidae) and Manduca sexta (Sphingidae), also produce airborne sounds upon attack, and that these sounds precede regurgitation. The prevalence and adaptive significance of warning sounds in caterpillars is discussed.
机译：毛虫产生的声音信号已有100多年的文献记载，但在大多数情况下，其重要性尚不清楚。这项研究是第一个通过实验研究幼虫鳞翅目可闻声音现象的研究，重点是常见的蛾类毛虫毛ther虫（Antheraea polyphemus（Saturniidae））。幼虫会产生与下颚骨类似的“喀哒”声。幼虫通常会连续多次发出信号，产生持续时间超过1分钟的火车，包括50-55次点击。火车中的每次点击平均持续时间为24.7毫秒，通常由多个部分组成。在安静的房间中可以听到喀哒声，在10厘米处的peSPL为58.1-78.8 dB peSPL。它们表现出扩展到超声频谱的宽带频率，大多数能量在8至18 kHz之间。我们的假设是，咔嗒声起听觉定语信号的作用，这得到了几条证据的支持。镊子和家禽的实验将声音的产生与发作相关，发作率的增加与产生的信号数量呈正相关。另外，声音产生通常在防御性反流之前或伴随。对无脊椎动物（蚂蚁）和脊椎动物（小鼠）的生物测定表明，反流剂对潜在的掠食者具有威慑作用。比较证据显示，其他Bombycoidea物种，包括Actias luna（Saturniidae）和Manduca sexta（Sphingidae），在受到攻击时也会产生空气传播的声音，并且这些声音在返流之前。讨论了毛毛虫警告声的普遍性和适应性意义。

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