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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >The ;upstream wake' of swimming and flying animals and its correlation with propulsive efficiency.
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The ;upstream wake' of swimming and flying animals and its correlation with propulsive efficiency.

机译：游泳和飞行动物的“上游尾流”及其与推进效率的关系。

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The interaction between swimming and flying animals and their fluid environments generates downstream wake structures such as vortices. In most studies, the upstream flow in front of the animal is neglected. In this study, we demonstrate the existence of upstream fluid structures even though the upstream flow is quiescent or possesses a uniform incoming velocity. Using a computational model, the flow generated by a swimmer (an oscillating flexible plate) is simulated and a new fluid mechanical analysis is applied to the flow to identify the upstream fluid structures. These upstream structures show the exact portion of fluid that is going to interact with the swimmer. A mass flow rate is then defined based on the upstream structures, and a metric for propulsive efficiency is established using the mass flow rate and the kinematics of the swimmer. We propose that the unsteady mass flow rate defined by the upstream fluid structures can be used as a metric to measure and objectively compare the efficiency of locomotion in water and air.
机译：游泳和飞行的动物及其流体环境之间的相互作用会产生下游的尾流结构，例如漩涡。在大多数研究中，忽略了动物前方的上游流动。在这项研究中，我们证明了上游流体结构的存在，即使上游流动是静止的或具有均匀的进入速度。使用计算模型，对游泳者（可摆动的柔性板）产生的流动进行模拟，并对流动进行新的流体力学分析，以识别上游流体结构。这些上游结构显示了将与游泳者相互作用的流体的确切部分。然后基于上游结构定义质量流率，并使用质量流率和游泳者的运动学来建立推进效率的度量。我们建议上游流体结构所定义的非恒定质量流率可以用作衡量和客观比较水和空气中运动效率的指标。

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