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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Kinematics of flight and the relationship to the vortex wake of a Pallas' long tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina)
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Kinematics of flight and the relationship to the vortex wake of a Pallas' long tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina)

机译：飞行运动学以及帕拉斯长舌蝙蝠（Glossophaga soricina）与涡流尾迹的关系

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To obtain a full understanding of the aerodynamics of animal flight, the movement of the wings, the kinematics, needs to be connected to the wake left behind the animal. Here the detailed 3D wingbeat kinematics of bats, Glossophaga soricina, flying in a wind tunnel over a range of flight speeds (1-7 m s(-1)) was determined from high-speed video. The results were compared with the wake geometry and quantitative wake measurements obtained simultaneously to the kinematics. The wingbeat kinematics varied gradually with flight speed and reflected the changes observed in the wake of the bats. In particular, several of the kinematic parameters reflected the differences in the function of the upstroke at low and high flight speeds. At lower flight speeds the bats use a pitch-up rotation to produce a backward flick which creates thrust and some weight support. At higher speeds this mechanism disappears and the upstroke generates weight support but no thrust. This is reflected by the changes in e. g. angle of attack, span ratio, camber and downstroke ratio. We also determined how different parameters vary throughout a wingbeat over the flight speeds studied. Both the camber and the angle of attack varied over the wingbeat differently at different speeds, suggesting active control of these parameters to adjust to the changing aerodynamic conditions. This study of the kinematics strongly indicates that the flight of bats is governed by an unsteady high-lift mechanism at low flight speeds and points to differences between birds and bats.
机译：为了全面了解动物飞行的空气动力学特性，需要将机翼的运动，运动学与遗留在动物身上的尾流联系起来。在这里，从高速视频中确定了蝙蝠Glossophaga soricina在风洞中以一定的飞行速度（1-7 m s（-1））飞行的详细3D边拍运动学。将结果与同时进行运动学的尾流几何形状和定量尾流测量结果进行比较。机翼的运动学随着飞行速度的变化而逐渐变化，并反映了蝙蝠苏醒后观察到的变化。特别是，一些运动学参数反映了低速和高速飞行时上冲功能的差异。在较低的飞行速度下，蝙蝠使用向上俯仰旋转来产生向后轻弹，从而产生推力和一定的重量支撑。在较高的速度下，该机制消失，向上冲程产生重量支撑，但没有推力。 e的变化反映了这一点。 G。攻角，跨度比，外倾角和下行程比。我们还确定了所研究的飞行速度在整个机翼节拍中不同的参数如何变化。机翼的外倾角和迎角都以不同的速度变化，因此建议对这些参数进行主动控制以适应不断变化的空气动力学条件。运动学的这项研究强烈表明，蝙蝠的飞行受低速飞行时不稳定的高升力机制支配，这表明鸟与蝙蝠之间存在差异。

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