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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Physiological and immunocytochemical evidence that glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in the activation of arm autotomy in the featherstar Antedon mediterranea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)
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Physiological and immunocytochemical evidence that glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in the activation of arm autotomy in the featherstar Antedon mediterranea (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)

机译：生理和免疫细胞化学证据表明，谷氨酸能神经传递参与了羽毛星Antedon Mediterraterranea（Echinodermata：Crinoidea）的手臂自动切开术的激活。

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The crinoid echinoderm Antedon mediterranea autotomises its arms at specialised skeletal joints known as syzygies that occur at regular intervals along the length of each arm. Detachment is achieved through the nervously mediated destabilisation of ligament fibres at a particular syzygy. The aim of this investigation was to identify neurotransmitters that are involved in the autotomy response. Physiological experiments were conducted on isolated preparations of syzygial joints, which can be induced to undergo autotomy-like fracture by applying stimulatory agents such as elevated [K+](o). Initial experiments with elevated [K+](o) showed that the autotomy threshold (the minimum amount of stimulation required to provoke autotomy) is lowest in syzygies at the arm base and rises distally. Of a range of neurotransmitter agonists tested, only L-glutamate invoked syzygial destabilisation, as did its analogues L-aspartate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) and kainate, but not L-(+)-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (L-AP4) or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The implication that L-glutamate stimulates syzygial fracture through AMPA/kainate-like receptors was supported by the finding that the action of L-glutamate was inhibited by the AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). Acetylcholine depressed the response of syzygial preparations to L- glutamate, suggesting a possible mechanism by which the autotomy threshold could be varied constitutively and facultatively. An immunocytochemical method employing a polyclonal antibody against L-glutamate conjugated to glutaraldehyde revealed L-glutamate-like immunoreactivity in all components of the putative neural pathway controlling the autotomy reflex, including the epidermis, brachial nerve, syzygial nerves and cellular elements close to the syzygial ligaments. We conclude that it is highly probable that L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the activation of arm autotomy in A. mediterranea.
机译：十字形棘皮动物Antedon mediterranea在特殊的骨骼关节处将其臂切开，这就是所谓的sysygie，沿着各臂的长度以规则的间隔出现。分离是通过在特定的合酶状态下神经介导的韧带纤维的去稳定作用实现的。这项研究的目的是确定参与自动切开反应的神经递质。对孤立的of节关节制剂进行了生理实验，可以通过施加刺激剂，例如升高的[K +]（o）来诱导其进行自体样骨折。最初的[K +]（o）升高实验表明，自体解剖阈值（引起自体解剖所需的最小刺激量）在臂根部的合酶中最低，并向远端升高。在测试的一系列神经递质激动剂中，只有L-谷氨酸激活了酶的去稳定作用，其类似物L-天冬氨酸，α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异methyl唑丙酸酯（AMPA）和海藻酸盐也是如此，但L-谷氨酸没有（+）-2-氨基-4-膦酰基丁酸酯（L-AP4）或N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸（NMDA）。 L-谷氨酸通过AMPA /海藻酸盐样受体刺激神经突骨折的暗示被以下发现支持：AMPA /海藻酸盐受体拮抗剂6-氰基-7-硝基喹喔啉-2,3-二酮抑制了L-谷氨酸的作用。 （CNQX）。乙酰胆碱抑制了syzygial制剂对L-谷氨酸的反应，提示了可能的机制，其结构上和构造上的自动切线阈值均发生变化。一种免疫细胞化学方法，使用针对戊二醛的L-谷氨酸多克隆抗体，在控制自体反射的推定神经通路的所有成分中，包括表皮，肱神经，合子神经和靠近合子的细胞成分，均显示L-谷氨酸样的免疫反应性。韧带。我们得出结论，L-谷氨酸很可能在地中海假单胞菌的臂切开术的激活中充当兴奋性神经递质。

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