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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >The stimuli evoking the aerial-righting posture of falling pea aphids
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The stimuli evoking the aerial-righting posture of falling pea aphids

机译：引起豌豆掉落的空中扶正姿势的刺激

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Some wingless insects possess aerial righting reflexes, suggesting that adaptation for controlling body orientation while falling through air could have preceded flight. When threatened by natural enemies, wingless pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) may drop off their host plant and assume a stereotypic posture that rotates them in midair to land on their feet. The sensory information triggering aphids to assume this posture has so far been unknown. We subjected aphids to a series of tests, isolating the sensory cues experienced during free-fall. Falling aphids assumed the righting posture and landed upright irrespective of whether the experiments were carried out in the light or in complete darkness. Detachment of the tarsi from the substrate triggered the aphids to assume the posture rapidly, but only for a brief period. Rotation (mainly roll and yaw) of the body in air, in the light, caused aphids to assume the posture and remain in it throughout rotation. In contrast, aphids rotated in the dark did not respond. Acceleration associated with falling or airflow over the body per se did not trigger the posture. However, sensing motion relative to air heightened the aphids' responsiveness to rotation in the light. These results suggest that the righting posture of aphids is triggered by a tarsal reflex, but, once the aphid is airborne, vision and a sense of motion relative to air can augment the response. Hence, aerial righting in a wingless insect could have emerged as a basic tarsal response and developed further to include secondary sensory cues typical of falling
机译：一些无翅昆虫具有空中扶正反射，这表明在飞行中坠落时控制身体定向的适应性可能早于飞行。当受到天敌的威胁时，无翅豌豆蚜虫（Acyrthosiphon pisum）可能会掉落其寄主植物，并采取定型姿势，使它们在空中旋转，着陆。迄今为止尚不清楚触发蚜虫采取这种姿势的感觉信息。我们对蚜虫进行了一系列测试，以分离出自由落体时遇到的感觉线索。不管实验是在光明的环境下还是在完全黑暗的环境下进行，落下的蚜虫都会采取扶正姿势并直立着降落。柏油从基片上脱离，触发了蚜虫迅速采取姿势，但仅持续了很短的时间。在光照下，人体在空中的旋转（主要是侧倾和偏航）导致蚜虫采取姿势并在整个旋转过程中保持姿势。相反，在黑暗中旋转的蚜虫没有反应。身体掉落或气流相关的加速本身并不会触发姿势。然而，感测相对于空气的运动增强了蚜虫对光旋转的响应能力。这些结果表明，蚜虫的扶正姿势是由睑板反射引起的，但是，一旦蚜虫在空中传播，相对于空气的视觉和运动感就会增强反应。因此，无翅昆虫的空中扶正可能已经成为基本的反应，并进一步发展为包括掉落的次要感觉线索。

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