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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Transduction of mechanical energy into sound energy in the cicada Cyclochila australasiae
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Transduction of mechanical energy into sound energy in the cicada Cyclochila australasiae

机译：在大洋蝉中将机械能转化为声能

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摘要

The anatomy of the paired tymbal muscles of Cyclochila australasiae was described. Force-distance relationships of the sound-producing in-out cycle of tymbal movement were measured. The largest forces were measured when the push occurred at the apodeme pit on the tymbal plate at angles similar to the angles of internal pull of the tymbal muscle. Initially, inward movement was opposed by the elasticity of the tymbal, which stored energy. At a mean force of 0.38 N after a mean inward strain of 368 mu m, the tymbal ribs buckled, the mean energy release being 45.1 mu J. The energy release occurred over 2-10ms in three or four sound-producing steps as successive tymbal ribs buckled inwards. After the ribs had buckled, the force decreased to a mean value of 0.17 N. The force returned to zero during the outward movement, during which the tymbal ribs buckled outwards. The mean energy dissipated in the outward movement was 32.8 mu J. During contraction, the tymbal muscle produced mean values for the peak active force of 0.31N over 295 mu m, which gave mean values for the area of the work loops of 47.0 mu J. The calling song of C. australasiae had a mean pulse rate of 234 Hz (117 Hz for each side of the insect). The peak power to mean power ratio for the songs was 8.51:1 (+9.30 dB). Measurements of the sound field around tethered insects and of the peak power to mean power ratio of the songs gave values for the mean power of the song of 3.15-7 mW; these correspond to an energy per song pulse of 13.5-30 mu J. Previously reported mean values are 3.15 mW for protest song and 5.1 mW for calling song. The efficiency of transduction of mechanical energy into sound energy is between 18 and 46%.
机译：描述了澳大利亚Cyclochilausasiasiae的一对鼓膜肌肉的解剖结构。测量了声音产生的鼓运动的进出循环的力-距离关系。当推力发生在与平板肌的内部牵拉角相似的角度的推力发生在鼓板上的顶基点处时，测得最大的力。最初，向内运动与存储能量的the弹性相反。在平均向内应力368μm后，在平均力为0.38 N时，ty肋弯曲，平均能量释放为45.1μJ。能量释放在3到4个声音产生步骤中持续2-10ms，作为连续的肋向内弯曲。肋弯曲后，力降低到平均值0.17N。在向外运动期间，力恢复为零，在此期间，during肋向外弯曲。向外运动时耗散的平均能量为32.8μJ。在收缩过程中，鼓膜肌在295μm处产生0.31N的峰值主动力的平均值，从而得出工作环面积的平均值为47.0μJ澳大利西亚梭菌的主叫歌曲的平均脉冲频率为234 Hz（昆虫的每侧为117 Hz）。歌曲的峰值功率与平均功率之比为8.51：1（+9.30 dB）。测量拴系昆虫周围的声场以及歌曲的峰值功率与平均功率之比，得出的歌曲平均功率值为3.15-7 mW。这些对应于每首歌曲脉冲能量13.5-30μJ。先前报道的抗议歌曲平均值为3.15 mW，呼叫歌曲平均值为5.1 mW。将机械能转换为声能的效率在18％至46％之间。

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