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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Influence of tail shape on tadpole swimming performance
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Influence of tail shape on tadpole swimming performance

机译：尾巴形状对t游泳性能的影响

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Many tadpoles respond to insect predators by developing deeper, and sometimes longer, tails. It has been assumed that the larger tail enhances aspects of swimming performance, because deep-tailed tadpoles survive well when confronted with hunting predators, We tested this hypothesis using both naturally occurring and surgically created variation in tail morphology of Hyla versicolor tadpoles, We measured swimming performance (maximum speed, time to reach a 2.5 em radius, and angle of escape) and morphology (size and shape of the body and tail) in 288 tadpoles, of which half possessed the predator-induced morphology and the other half were from predator-free ponds. Large tadpoles swam faster than small ones, and shape was significantly correlated with size-corrected swimming performance. The fastest tadpoles had relatively shallow bodies and tail fins, and short tails; there was no difference in swimming performance between predator-induced and no-predator tadpoles. We performed an experiment to create independent variation in tail depth and length by surgically manipulating tail shape in 270 tadpoles. Three tail-length treatments reduced the length of the tail fin by 21 %, 34 % and 55 %; three tail-depth treatments reduced the maximum depth of the tail fin by 11 %, 34 % and 59 %; two additional treatments controlled for the effects of anaesthesia and surgery. The angle of escape was unaffected by surgery. Maximum speed and minimum escape time were both significantly impaired by the high-removal treatments, but showed no evidence of decline until 30 % of the tail (length or depth) was removed. These results suggest that the relatively deep tails in predator-induced tadpoles (approximately 10% deeper than in no-predator tadpoles) do not improve performance in burst swimming. Thus, predator-induced tadpoles are less vulnerable to predation for reasons other than enhanced swimming performance. [References: 33]
机译：许多t通过形成更深，有时更长的尾巴来对食肉动物做出反应。有人认为，较大的尾巴可以增强游泳性能，因为深尾t在遇到猎食天敌时可以很好地存活。 288个t的性能（最大速度，到达2.5 em半径的时间和逃生角度）和形态（身体和尾巴的大小和形状），其中一半具有食肉动物诱发的形态，另一半来自食肉动物无池塘。大型t的游泳速度要快于小型t，而且其形状与尺寸校正的游泳性能显着相关。最快的t的身体和尾鳍相对较浅，尾巴较短。捕食性t和非捕食性t的游泳性能没有差异。我们进行了一项实验，通过手术操纵270尾tail的尾巴形状来创造尾巴深度和长度的独立变化。三种尾长处理使尾鳍的长度分别减少了21％，34％和55％。三种尾部深度处理使尾鳍的最大深度分别降低了11％，34％和59％;控制麻醉和手术效果的两种其他治疗方法。逃脱角度不受手术影响。高去除处理会极大地损害最大速度和最小逃逸时间，但是直到去除30％的尾巴（长度或深度）后，才显示出下降的迹象。这些结果表明，捕食者诱导的pole中相对较深的尾巴（比无捕食者t中的尾部深约10％）不会改善爆发式游泳的性能。因此，捕食者诱发的s除了增强游泳性能外，由于其他原因不易被捕食。 [参考：33]

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