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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >A hierarchy of factors influence discontinuous gas exchange in the grasshopper Paracinema tricolor (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
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A hierarchy of factors influence discontinuous gas exchange in the grasshopper Paracinema tricolor (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

机译：影响蚱hopper三色副飞蛾不连续气体交换的因素等级（直翅目：exchange科）

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摘要

The evolutionary origin and maintenance of discontinuous gas exchange (DGE) in tracheate arthropods are poorly understood and highly controversial. We investigated prioritization of abiotic factors in the gas exchange control cascade by examining oxygen, water and haemolymph pH regulation in the grasshopper Paracinema tricolor. Using a full-factorial design, grasshoppers were acclimated to hypoxic or hyperoxic (5% O-2, 40% O-2) gas conditions, or dehydrated or hydrated, whereafter their CO2 release was measured under a range of O-2 and relative humidity (RH) conditions (5%, 21%, 40% O-2 and 5%, 60%, 90% RH). DGE was significantly less common in grasshoppers acclimated to dehydrating conditions compared with the other acclimations (hypoxia, 98%; hyperoxia, 100%; hydrated, 100%; dehydrated, 67%). Acclimation to dehydrating conditions resulted in a significant decrease in haemolymph pH from 7.0 +/- 0.3 to 6.6 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- s.d., P = 0.018) and also significantly increased the open (O)-phase duration under 5% O-2 treatment conditions (5% O-2, 44.1 +/- 29.3 min; 40% O-2, 15.8 +/- 8.0 min; 5% RH, 17.8 +/- 1.3 min; 60% RH, 24.0 +/- 9.7 min; 90% RH, 20.6 +/- 8.9 min). The observed acidosis could potentially explain the extension of the O-phase under low RH conditions, when it would perhaps seem more useful to reduce the O-phase to lower respiratory water loss. The results confirm that DGE occurrence and modulation are affected by multiple abiotic factors. A hierarchical framework for abiotic factors influencing DGE is proposed in which the following stressors are prioritized in decreasing order of importance: oxygen supply, CO2 excretion and pH modulation, oxidative damage protection and water savings
机译：气管节肢动物中不连续气体交换（DGE）的进化起源和维持尚不为人所知，并且存在很大争议。我们通过检查蚱hopper Paracinema tricolor中的氧气，水和血淋巴pH调节来研究气体交换控制级联中非生物因素的优先级。使用全要素设计，使蚱hopper适应低氧或高氧（5％O-2、40％O-2）气体条件，或脱水或水合，然后在O-2范围和相对范围内测量其二氧化碳释放量湿度（RH）条件（5％，21％，40％O-2和5％，60％，90％RH）。与其他适应条件相比，在适应脱水条件的蝗虫中，DGE的发生率显着降低（低氧98％;高氧100％;水合100％;脱水67％）。适应脱水条件导致血淋巴pH值从7.0 +/- 0.3显着降低到6.6 +/- 0.1（平均+/- sd，P = 0.018），并且在5％以下时显着延长了开放（O）相的持续时间O-2处理条件（5％O-2，44.1 +/- 29.3分钟; 40％O-2，15.8 +/- 8.0分钟; 5％RH，17.8 +/- 1.3分钟; 60％RH，24.0 + / -9.7分钟; 90％RH，20.6 +/- 8.9分钟。观察到的酸中毒可能解释了在低RH条件下O相的扩展，而降低O相以降低呼吸失水可能更有用。结果证实DGE的发生和调节受多种非生物因素的影响。提出了影响DGE的非生物因素的分级框架，其中按压力的重要性从低到低优先处理以下压力源：氧气供应，CO2排泄和pH调节，氧化损伤防护和节水

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