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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Functional subdivision of fin protractor and retractor muscles underlies pelvic fin walking in the African lungfish Protopterus annectens
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Functional subdivision of fin protractor and retractor muscles underlies pelvic fin walking in the African lungfish Protopterus annectens

机译：在非洲肺鱼Protopterus annectens中，鳍量角器和牵开器肌肉的功能细分是骨盆鳍行走的基础

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African lungfish Protopterus annectens can produce rotational movements around the joint between the pelvis and the pelvic fin, allowing these animals to walk across benthic substrates. In tetrapods, limb rotation at the hip joint is a common feature of substrate-based locomotion. For sprawling tetrapods, rotation can involve nine or more muscles, which are often robust and span multiple joints. In contrast, P. annectens uses a modest morphology of two fan-shaped muscles, the pelvic fin protractor and retractor, to accomplish this movement. We hypothesized that functional subdivision, coupled with their broad insertions on the femur, allows each of these muscles to pull on the limb from multiple directions and provides a mechanism for fin rotation. To test this hypothesis, we examined the muscle activity at three locations in both the protractor and the retractor muscles during walking. Electromyograms show differences in the timing of muscle activation between dorsal and ventral regions of each muscle, suggesting that each muscle is functionally subdivided once. The subdivisions demonstrate sequential onsets of muscle activity and overlap of activity between regions, which are also features of limb control in tetrapods. These data indicate that subdivisions of protractor and retractor muscles impart functional complexity to a morphologically simple system, and suggest a mechanism that allows lungfish to produce a tetrapod-like walking gait with only two muscles. As one of few extant sarcopterygian fishes, P. annectens may provide important functional data to inform interpretation of limb movement of fossil relatives
机译：非洲肺鱼Protopterus annectens可以在骨盆和骨盆鳍之间的关节周围产生旋转运动，从而使这些动物能够越过底栖生物。在四脚架中，髋关节的四肢旋转是基于底物的运动的共同特征。对于四足动物而言，旋转可能会牵涉九个或更多的肌肉，这些肌肉通常很健壮并跨越多个关节。相反，P。annectens使用两个扇形肌肉的适度形态，即骨盆鳍分度器和牵开器来完成此运动。我们假设功能细分以及它们在股骨上的广泛插入，使这些肌肉中的每一个都可以从多个方向拉动肢体，并提供了鳍旋转的机制。为了验证这一假设，我们在行走过程中检查了量角器和牵开器肌肉中三个位置的肌肉活动。肌电图显示出每条肌肉的背侧和腹侧区域之间的肌肉激活时间不同，这表明每条肌肉在功能上被细分了一次。细分显示肌肉活动的顺序发作和区域之间活动的重叠，这也是四脚架中肢体控制的特征。这些数据表明，量角器和牵开器肌肉的细分将功能复杂性赋予了形态上简单的系统，并提出了一种机制，可使肺鱼仅用两块肌肉产生类似四脚架的步行步态。作为少数现存的翼翅目鱼类之一，安纳斯疟原虫可能会提供重要的功能数据，以解释化石亲属的肢体运动

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