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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Jumping mechanisms and strategies in moths (Lepidoptera)
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Jumping mechanisms and strategies in moths (Lepidoptera)

机译：飞蛾的跳跃机制和策略（鳞翅目）

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To test whether jumping launches moths into the air, take-off by 58 species, ranging in mass from 0.1 to 220 mg, was captured in videos at 1000 frames s(-1). Three strategies for jumping were identified. First, rapid movements of both middle and hind legs provided propulsion while the wings remained closed. Second, middle and hind legs again provided propulsion but the wings now opened and flapped after takeoff. Third, wing and leg movements both began before take-off and led to an earlier transition to powered flight. The middle and hind legs were of similar lengths and were between 10 and 130% longer than the front legs. The rapid depression of the trochantera and extension of the middle tibiae began some 3 ms before similar movements of the hind legs, but their tarsi lost contact with the ground before takeoff. Acceleration times ranged from 10 ms in the lightest moths to 25 ms in the heaviest ones. Peak take-off velocities varied from 0.6 to 0.9 m s(-1) in all moths, with the fastest jump achieving a velocity of 1.2 m s(-1). The energy required to generate the fastest jumps was 1.1 mu J in lighter moths but rose to 62.1 mu J in heavier ones. Mean accelerations ranged from 26 to 90 m s(-2) and a maximum force of 9 g was experienced. The highest power output was within the capability of normal muscle so that jumps were powered by direct contractions of muscles without catapult mechanisms or energy storage.
机译：为了测试飞蛾是否能向空中飞舞，在1000帧s（-1）的视频中捕获了58种质量在0.1到220 mg之间的飞蛾。确定了三种跳跃策略。首先，中肢和后肢的快速运动提供了推进力，而机翼保持关闭状态。其次，中腿和后腿再次提供了推进力，但机翼在起飞后张开并拍打。第三，机翼和腿部运动都开始于起飞之前，并导致了向动力飞行的更早过渡。中腿和后腿的长度相似，比前腿长10％至130％。在后腿进行类似的运动之前，大约3毫秒开始粗隆粗隆的快速下降和胫骨中部的伸展，但是它们的骨在起飞前失去了与地面的接触。加速时间从最轻的飞蛾的10毫秒到最重的飞蛾的25毫秒不等。所有飞蛾的峰值起飞速度从0.6到0.9 m s（-1）不等，最快的跳跃达到1.2 m s（-1）的速度。产生最快跳跃的能量在较轻的飞蛾上为1.1μJ，但在较重的飞蛾上上升至62.1μJ。平均加速度范围为26到90 m s（-2），最大力为9 g。最高的功率输出在正常肌肉的能力范围内，因此跳跃是由肌肉的直接收缩提供动力的，而没有弹射机构或能量存储。

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