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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Embryo oxygenation in pipefish brood pouches: novel insights
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Embryo oxygenation in pipefish brood pouches: novel insights

机译：pipe鱼育雏袋中的胚胎充氧：新见解

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The pipefish brood pouch presents a unique mode of parental care that enables males to protect, osmoregulate, nourish and oxygenate the developing young. Using a very fine O-2 probe, we assessed the extent to which males of the broad-nosed pipefish (Syngnathus typhle) oxygenate the developing embryos and are able to maintain pouch fluid O-2 levels when brooding in normoxia (100% O-2 saturation) and hypoxia (40% O-2 saturation) for 24 days. In both treatments, pouch fluid-O-2 saturation levels were lower compared with the surrounding water and decreased throughout the brooding period, reflecting greater offspring demand for O-2 during development and/or decreasing paternal ability to provide O-2 to the embryos. Male condition (hepatosomatic index) was negatively affected by hypoxia. Larger males had higher pouch fluid O-2 saturation levels compared with smaller males, and levels were higher in the bottom section of the pouch compared with other sections. Embryo size was positively correlated with O-2 availability, irrespective of their position in the pouch. Two important conclusions can be drawn from our findings. First, our results highlight a potential limitation to brooding within the pouch and dismiss the notion of closed brood pouches as well-oxygenated structures promoting the evolution of larger eggs in syngnathids. Second, we provide direct evidence that paternal care improves with male size in this species. This finding offers an explanation for the documented strong female preference for larger partners because, in terms of oxygenation, the brood pouch can restrict embryo growth.
机译：pipe鱼育雏袋提供了一种独特的育儿方式，使雄性能够保护，渗透，滋养和充氧发育中的年轻人。我们使用非常精细的O-2探针，评估了宽鼻pipe鱼（Syngnathus typhle）的雄性为发育中的胚胎充氧的程度，并且在常氧环境下繁殖时能够维持囊液O-2的水平（100％O- 2天）和缺氧（40％O-2饱和度）持续24天。在这两种处理中，囊袋液中O-2的饱和度均比周围水低，并且在整个育卵期均降低，这反映了后代在发育过程中对O-2的需求增加和/或父体为胚胎提供O-2的能力降低。 。男性状况（肝体指数）受到缺氧的负面影响。与较小的雄性相比，较大的雄性具有较高的囊液O-2饱和度水平，并且囊袋底部的囊状液中O-2饱和度水平较高。胚胎大小与O-2的利用率呈正相关，无论它们在囊中的位置如何。从我们的发现中可以得出两个重要的结论。首先，我们的研究结果突显了小袋内育雏的潜在局限性，并忽略了封闭的育雏袋的概念，因为氧合良好的结构促进了突触大卵的进化。其次，我们提供了直接的证据表明，该物种的男性大小会改善父亲的照顾。这一发现为有记录的雌性对较大伴侣的强烈偏爱提供了解释，因为就充氧而言，育雏袋会限制胚胎的生长。

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