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首页> 外文期刊>The Royal Society Proceedings B: Biological Sciences >Bat defence in lekking ghost swifts (Hepialus humuli), a moth without ultrasonic hearing.
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Bat defence in lekking ghost swifts (Hepialus humuli), a moth without ultrasonic hearing.

机译：蝙蝠在蠕动的幽灵雨燕（Hepialus humuli）中防御，没有飞蛾的声音。

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摘要

The Hepialidae represents an early branch of the Lepidoptera, whose members lack the ultrasonic hearing and other obvious predator defence systems present in other extant moths. I observed lekking male ghost swifts, Hepialus humuli, being exploited by northern bats, Eptesicus nilssonii, over a hayfield in southern Sweden. Because the moth's display flight was restricted to a brief (30 min) period at dusk, they avoided most predators temporally but were exposed to early emerging aerial-hawking bats. Against these, they apparently employed 'acoustic crypsis', achieved by flying close (< 0.5 m) to the vegetation, thereby hiding from the bats among clutter (echoes returning from the background). Nevertheless, the predation risk for the displaying moth males was very high (20% per night), mainly because they sometimes left the safety of the vegetation. The lack of 'advanced' predator defence mechanisms in H. humuli requires alternative defence strategies, which, however, restrict the behavioural repertoire and still carry a high predation risk.
机译：pi科代表鳞翅目的早期分支，其成员缺乏超声波听觉和其他现存飞蛾中存在的其他明显的捕食者防御系统。我观察到在南部瑞典南部的一个干草地上，北蝙蝠Eptesicus nilssonii入侵了雄性鬼魂雨燕Hepialus humuli。由于飞蛾的展翅飞行被限制在黄昏的短暂时间（30分钟），因此它们暂时避开了大多数捕食者，但暴露于早期出现的空中贩卖蝙蝠。针对这些问题，他们显然采用了“声学降温”，这是通过靠近植被飞行（<0.5 m），从而使蝙蝠躲在杂乱之中（回声从本底返回）而实现的。然而，展示蛾类雄性的捕食风险很高（每晚20％），主要是因为它们有时会离开植被的安全性。 H. humuli中缺乏“先进的”捕食者防御机制，需要其他防御策略，但是，这限制了行为举止，仍然具有很高的捕食风险。

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