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A preliminary study on the role of the equine guttural pouches inselective brain cooling

机译：马咽袋在选择性脑冷却中的作用的初步研究

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摘要

The equine guttural pouch is a large, air-filled diverticulum of the auditory tube whose function is not clear. Since the horse does not possess a known, well-developed brain-cooling mechanism that could satisfy cerebral thermoregulatory demands, an hypothesis is proposed that respiratory air enters the guttural pouches, when needed, to ventilate and cool the internal carotid arteries (ICA). Experiments were initially carried out on nine cadavers, where blood flow was mimicked with warmed saline propelled by peristaltic pumps. Subsequent experiments were conducted on an anaesthetized horse where the guttural pouch was ventilated and ICA temperatures were measured. Results showed that whenever the guttural pouch was ventilated with cooled or warmed environmental air, or warmed 100% humidified air, temperatures within the ICA dropped significantly in cadavers (0.4-5 degrees C) and in the anaesthetized horse (1-3 degrees C), depending on conditions. Simulated respiration trials also resulted in ICA temperature drops of 0.9-2.3 degrees C in two of five cadavers tested, indicating that the wide 3-5 cm pharyngeal orifices of the guttural pouches have the capacity to allow enough respiratory air to ventilate the pouch. Despite the fact that a single, unbranching 13 cm portion of the ICA is exposed on the wall of each guttural pouch, the results of this investigation suggest that during heavy exercise, horses could utilize their guttural pouches to cool ICA blood destined for the brain.
机译：马咽袋是听觉管的充气的憩室，其功能尚不清楚。由于这匹马不具备可以满足大脑体温调节需求的已知的，发达的脑部冷却机制，因此提出了一种假设，即呼吸空气在需要时进入喉管袋以使颈内动脉（ICA）通风和冷却。实验最初是在9具尸体上进行的，其中的血流用蠕动泵推动的温盐水模拟。随后在麻醉的马上进行了实验，对马进行了通风，并测量了ICA温度。结果表明，每当用冷或热的环境空气或100％的加湿空气对咽袋进行通气时，尸体（0.4-5摄氏度）和麻醉马（1-3摄氏度）中ICA的温度都会显着下降。 ，取决于条件。模拟的呼吸试验还导致被测试的五具尸体中有两具的ICA温度下降了0.9-2.3摄氏度，这表明咽袋的3-5厘米宽的咽孔具有允许足够的呼吸空气使袋通风的能力。尽管事实上每个支管袋的壁上都暴露了一个13厘米的独立ICA分支，但这项调查的结果表明，在剧烈运动中，马可以利用其喉管来冷却发往大脑的ICA血液。

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