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首页> 外文期刊>The Veterinary Journal >Proceedings of the Dogs Trust Meeting on Advances in Veterinary Behavioural Medicine London; 4th-7th November 2004 Veterinary behavioural medicine: a roadmap for the 21st century
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Proceedings of the Dogs Trust Meeting on Advances in Veterinary Behavioural Medicine London; 4th-7th November 2004 Veterinary behavioural medicine: a roadmap for the 21st century

机译：伦敦兽医行为医学进展信托基金会会议记录; 2004年11月4日至7日，兽医行为医学：面向21世纪的路线图

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New areas of endeavour succeed either because they make a compelling case for their worth within an existing paradigm or because a new generation is raised for whom a once heretical paradigm is now the norm. It is difficult to tell which route will lead to the acceptance and growth of veterinary behavioural medicine, but the latter seems likely and, perhaps, necessary. As one of the newest specialities in veterinary medicine, behavioural medicine may suffer more than other specialities from an unclear identity because so many disparate groups who are not rooted in veterinary medicine have participated in its evolution. There is also the issue of data. Behavioural medicine is often cited as a field for which there are very few hard data; however, it is also a field for which data collection can be difficult and time consuming for non-trivial questions. This is because behaviour is the ultimate integrator of all organ system responses, and as such, is a dynamic outcome resulting from the interactions of complex mechanisms. Understanding such systems is difficult, but progress can occur if an attempt is made to understand all the mechanistic levels that contribute to behavioural patterns and behavioural conditions. For this to happen we need a paradigm shift that moves us away from the medical paradigmatic model and towards a new paradigm that is based on hypothesis formulation and testing between interacting levels of mechanism. Clinical impression and expertise based on outcome must be replaced by a scientific method that provides for phenotypic definitions that are coupled to putative underlying, interacting mechanisms that can be evaluated. Only in this manner can phenotypic description and its clinical application in veterinary behavioural medicine keep pace with advances in molecular biology and genetic epidemiology that deal with genetic liabilities and vulnerabilities inherent in multi-gene and major gene effects. This paradigmatic shift has the potential to revolutionize the way we view diagnoses in medicine, in general, but has particular implications for the care needed to characterize problematic and truly abnormal behavioural conditions. This approach also has the advantage of alerting us to when we do not know something, and forcing us to consider the needs of our patients on their own terms. A more rigorous scientific approach in this field could also go a long way in making us more humane.
机译：新的努力领域之所以成功，要么是因为它们在现有范式中为自己的价值提供了令人信服的理由，要么是因为养育了曾经异端的范式现在已成为规范的新一代。很难确定哪种方法会导致兽医行为医学的接受和发展，但是后者似乎是可能的，也许是必要的。作为兽医学的最新专业之一，行为医学可能会因身份不明而比其他专业遭受更多的痛苦，因为有许多不以兽医为根基的不同群体参与了其发展。还有数据问题。行为医学经常被认为是一个很难得到数据的领域。然而，对于非平凡的问题来说，这也是一个很难且耗时的数据收集领域。这是因为行为是所有器官系统反应的最终整合者，因此，是复杂机制相互作用产生的动态结果。理解这样的系统很困难，但是如果试图理解所有有助于行为模式和行为条件的机制水平，就会取得进步。为此，我们需要进行范式转换，使我们从医学范式模型转移到新的范式，该范式基于假设的表述和相互影响的机制水平之间的检验。基于结果的临床印象和专业知识必须被一种科学的方法所取代，该方法提供表型定义，该表型定义与可以评估的潜在的潜在相互作用机制相关。只有通过这种方式，表型描述及其在兽医行为医学中的临床应用才能与分子生物学和遗传流行病学的发展保持同步，这些进展涉及多基因和主要基因效应固有的遗传责任和脆弱性。一般而言，这种范式的转变可能会改变我们对医学诊断的看法，但是对于表征有问题的和真正异常的行为状况所需的护理具有特殊的意义。这种方法还具有以下优点：可以提醒我们何时不知道什么，并迫使我们根据患者的情况考虑患者的需求。在这一领域采取更严格的科学方法还可以使我们更加人性化。

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