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首页> 外文期刊>Tierarztliche Praxis, Ausgabe G. GroBtiere >Fowl plague and avian influenza A viruses of poultry and birds. Diagnosis, control measures and practical experiences
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Fowl plague and avian influenza A viruses of poultry and birds. Diagnosis, control measures and practical experiences

机译：禽瘟和禽流感A禽鸟病毒。诊断，控制措施和实践经验

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摘要

The causes of the notifiable fowl plague are high and low pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of the haemagglutinin subtypes H5 and 117 but also other haemagglutinin subtypes If the intravenous pathogenicity index is greater than 1.2. The German fowl plague order (Gefliigelpest-Verordnung) differentiates between highly pathogenic influenza A viruses of the subtypes H5 and H7, if multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site of the haennagglutinin molecules are detected by virus isolation, antigen or genome determination and low pathogenic avian influenza A viruses of the subtypes H5 and H7 if either the intravenous pathogenicity index is lower than 1.2 or no basic amino acids are present at the cleavage site of the haemagglutinin molecule. Aspects of diagnosis, control including culling, therapy and vaccination are reviewed. The currently available means and their limitations of a therapy of fowl plague by oral administration of neuraminidase inhibitors (e. g. oseltamivir) are described. Following granted permission, individually marked valuable zoo and pet birds may be vaccinated using licensed inactivated vaccines. Vector vaccines have not been used in Germany so far. Avian influenza A viruses of other haemagglutinin subtypes (H1-H4, H6, H8-H18) may also cause infections and severe disease. These subtypes are not subject to governmental interventions and disease can be prevented by timely use of inactivated vaccines.
机译：如果静脉内致病性指数大于1.2，则应报告禽瘟的原因是血凝素亚型H5和117的高和低致病性禽流感A病毒，还有其他血凝素亚型。如果通过病毒分离，抗原或基因组测定和低致病性检测到haennagglutinin分子裂解位点有多个碱性氨基酸，则德国禽瘟疫命令（Gefliigelpest-Verordnung）可以区分H5和H7亚型的高致病性甲型流感病毒如果静脉内致病性指数低于1.2或在血凝素分子的裂解位点不存在碱性氨基酸，则为H5和H7亚型禽流感病毒。审查了诊断，控制方面，包括剔除，治疗和疫苗接种。描述了通过口服神经氨酸酶抑制剂（例如奥司他韦）来治疗家禽瘟的现有方法及其局限性。获得许可后，可以使用许可的灭活疫苗对单独标记的珍贵动物园和宠物鸟进行疫苗接种。到目前为止，德国尚未使用载体疫苗。其他血凝素亚型（H1-H4，H6，H8-H18）的甲型禽流感病毒也可能引起感染和严重疾病。这些亚型不受政府干预，可以通过及时使用灭活疫苗来预防疾病。

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