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Overview of male reproductive pathology.

机译：男性生殖病理学概述。

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An understanding of form and function is important for examination of the male reproductive tract. A basic understanding of spermatogenesis and hormonal function in the reproductive tract is essential for the pathologists in this evaluation. Gross and histologic reproductive changes need to be distinguished from normal variation and correlated with the reproductive status of the animal. This is especially important when correlating histologic changes with organ weight and other reproductive parameters, such as seminal analysis data. Sexual maturity of animals and tissue handing can impact interpretation. Sexual immaturity of preclinical safety animals can present challenges for accurate identification of compound-related changes. Likewise, proper handling of unfixed reproductive tissues and appropriate selection of a fixation protocol are important in avoiding artifacts that may interfere with the microscopic evaluation. The histopathology technician needs to recognize testicular landmarks that allow for correct orientation at trimming so the pathologist can assess not only the morphology of seminiferous tubules but also the outflow tract. For the most effective evaluation of the male reproductive tract, the testes and epididymides should be examined concurrently. Although the term "staging" is often used inappropriately, the pathologist should review testicular tissues in a "stage-aware" manner. This article reviews gross and histologic changes of the male reproductive tract as well as tissue orientation and fixation to assist in accurate interpretation of potential treatment-related changes in male reproduction.
机译：对形式和功能的了解对于检查男性生殖道很重要。对病理学家在此评估中基本了解生殖道中的精子发生和激素功能至关重要。总体和组织学生殖变化需要与正常变化区分开来，并与动物的生殖状态相关。当将组织学变化与器官重量和其他生殖参数（例如精液分析数据）相关联时，这一点尤其重要。动物的性成熟和组织交往会影响解释。临床前安全性动物的性不成熟可能对准确识别化合物相关变化提出了挑战。同样，正确处理未固定的生殖组织和正确选择固定方案对于避免可能会干扰显微镜评估的伪影很重要。组织病理学技术人员需要识别睾丸标志物，以便在修剪时正确定位，以便病理学家不仅可以评估生精小管的形态，还可以评估流出道。为了最有效地评估男性生殖道，应同时检查睾丸和附睾。尽管经常不恰当地使用术语“分期”，病理学家应以“阶段感知”的方式检查睾丸组织。本文综述了男性生殖道的总体和组织学变化以及组织方向和固定情况，以帮助准确解释男性生殖方面与治疗相关的潜在变化。

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