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首页> 外文期刊>Tissue engineering, Part B. Reviews >Developmental engineering: a new paradigm for the design and manufacturing of cell-based products. Part II: from genes to networks: tissue engineering from the viewpoint of systems biology and network science.
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Developmental engineering: a new paradigm for the design and manufacturing of cell-based products. Part II: from genes to networks: tissue engineering from the viewpoint of systems biology and network science.

机译：开发工程：基于细胞的产品设计和制造的新范例。第二部分：从基因到网络：从系统生物学和网络科学的角度进行组织工程。

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The field of tissue engineering is moving toward a new concept of "in vitro biomimetics of in vivo tissue development." In Part I of this series, we proposed a theoretical framework integrating the concepts of developmental biology with those of process design to provide the rules for the design of biomimetic processes. We named this methodology "developmental engineering" to emphasize that it is not the tissue but the process of in vitro tissue development that has to be engineered. To formulate the process design rules in a rigorous way that will allow a computational design, we should refer to mathematical methods to model the biological process taking place in vitro. Tissue functions cannot be attributed to individual molecules but rather to complex interactions between the numerous components of a cell and interactions between cells in a tissue that form a network. For tissue engineering to advance to the level of a technologically driven discipline amenable to well-established principles of process engineering, a scientifically rigorous formulation is needed of the general design rules so that the behavior of networks of genes, proteins, or cells that govern the unfolding of developmental processes could be related to the design parameters. Now that sufficient experimental data exist to construct plausible mathematical models of many biological control circuits, explicit hypotheses can be evaluated using computational approaches to facilitate process design. Recent progress in systems biology has shown that the empirical concepts of developmental biology that we used in Part I to extract the rules of biomimetic process design can be expressed in rigorous mathematical terms. This allows the accurate characterization of manufacturing processes in tissue engineering as well as the properties of the artificial tissues themselves. In addition, network science has recently shown that the behavior of biological networks strongly depends on their topology and has developed the necessary concepts and methods to describe it, allowing therefore a deeper understanding of the behavior of networks during biomimetic processes. These advances thus open the door to a transition for tissue engineering from a substantially empirical endeavor to a technology-based discipline comparable to other branches of engineering.
机译：组织工程领域正在朝着“体内组织发育的体外仿生生物”的新概念发展。在本系列的第一部分中，我们提出了一个理论框架，该框架将发育生物学的概念与过程设计的概念相结合，从而为仿生过程的设计提供了规则。我们将这种方法命名为“开发工程”，以强调必须设计的不是组织，而是体外组织发展的过程。要以严格的方式制定过程设计规则以进行计算设计，我们应该参考数学方法来对体外发生的生物过程进行建模。组织功能不能归因于单个分子，而是归因于细胞众多成分之间的复杂相互作用以及组织中形成网络的细胞之间的相互作用。为了使组织工程学提高到适合过程工程学既定原理的技术驱动学科水平，需要科学设计严格的通用设计规则，以便控制基因，蛋白质或细胞网络的行为发展过程的展开可能与设计参数有关。现在，已有足够的实验数据来构建许多生物控制电路的合理数学模型，可以使用计算方法来评估明确的假设，以简化过程设计。系统生物学的最新进展表明，我们在第一部分中用来提取仿生过程设计规则的发展生物学的经验概念可以用严格的数学术语来表达。这可以精确表征组织工程中的制造过程以及人造组织本身的特性。此外，网络科学最近表明，生物网络的行为在很大程度上取决于其拓扑结构，并且已经开发了描述其的必要概念和方法，因此可以更深入地了解仿生过程中网络的行为。因此，这些进步为组织工程学从实质性的尝试向与其他工程学分支机构相媲美的基于技术的学科打开了大门。

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