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首页> 外文期刊>Theoretical and Applied Genetics: International Journal of Breeding Research and Cell Genetics >The distal portion of the short arm of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome 5d controls endosperm vitreosity and grain hardness.
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The distal portion of the short arm of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome 5d controls endosperm vitreosity and grain hardness.

机译：小麦（ Triticum aestivum L.）染色体5d的短臂末端控制胚乳的玻璃度和籽粒硬度。

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Kernel vitreosity is an important trait of wheat grain, but its developmental control is not completely known. We developed back-cross seven (BC7) near-isogenic lines in the soft white spring wheat cultivar Alpowa that lack the distal portion of chromosome 5D short arm. From the final back-cross, 46 BC7F2 plants were isolated. These plants exhibited a complete and perfect association between kernel vitreosity (i.e. vitreous, non-vitreous or mixed) and Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) hardness. Observed segregation of 10:28:7 fit a 1:2:1 Chi-square. BC7F2 plants classified as heterozygous for both SKCS hardness and kernel vitreosity (n=29) were selected and a single vitreous and non-vitreous kernel were selected, and grown to maturity and subjected to SKCS analysis. The resultant phenotypic ratios were, from non-vitreous kernels, 23:6:0, and from vitreous kernels, 0:1:28, soft:heterozygous:hard, respectively. Three of these BC7F2 heterozygous plants were selected and 40 kernels each drawn at random, grown to maturity and subjected to SKCS analysis. Phenotypic segregation ratios were 7:27:6, 11:20:9, and 3:28:9, soft:heterozygous:hard. Chi-square analysis supported a 1:2:1 segregation for one plant but not the other two, in which cases the two homozygous classes were under-represented. Twenty-two paired BC7F2:F3 full sibs were compared for kernel hardness, weight, size, density and protein content. SKCS hardness index differed markedly, 29.4 for the lines with a complete 5DS, and 88.6 for the lines possessing the deletion. The soft non-vitreous kernels were on average significantly heavier, by nearly 20%, and were slightly larger. Density and protein contents were similar, however. The results provide strong genetic evidence that gene(s) on distal 5DS control not only kernel hardness but also the manner in which the endosperm develops, viz. whether it is vitreous or non-vitreous.Digital Object Identifier http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1830-x
机译：籽粒玻璃化度是小麦籽粒的重要特征，但其发育控制尚不完全清楚。我们在白色软白春小麦品种Alpowa中开发了回交7个（BC 7 ）近等基因系，该系缺少5D染色体短臂的末端。从最后的回交中，分离出46株BC 7 F 2 植物。这些植物在籽粒玻璃体（即玻璃质，非玻璃质或混合）和单核特征系统（SKCS）硬度之间表现出完全而完美的关联。观察到的10：28：7的隔离度适合于1：2：1的卡方。选择同时归因于SKCS硬度和籽粒玻璃化度（ n = 29）均为杂合的BC 7 F 2 植物，并选择单个玻璃态和非玻璃态选择玻璃体核，使其成熟，然后进行SKCS分析。所得表型比率分别来自非玻璃质颗粒，23：6：0和玻璃质颗粒0：1：28，软质：杂合质：硬质。从这些BC 7 F 2 杂合植物中选出三株，随机抽取40个籽粒，使其成熟，然后进行SKCS分析。表型分离比为7：27：6、11：20：9和3：28：9，软质：杂合质：硬质。卡方分析支持一种植物的1：2：1分离，但不支持其他两种植物的分离，在这种情况下，两种纯合子类别的代表性不足。比较22对成对的BC 7 F 2 ：F 3 全同胞的籽粒硬度，重量，大小，密度和蛋白质含量。 SKCS硬度指数显着不同，具有完整5DS的品系为29.4，具有缺失的品系为88.6。平均而言，柔软的非玻璃质籽粒平均重得多，接近20％，并且稍大。然而，密度和蛋白质含量相似。结果提供了有力的遗传证据，表明远端5DS上的基因不仅控制籽粒硬度，还控制胚乳发育的方式，即。无论是玻璃质还是非玻璃质。数字对象标识符http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-012-1830-x

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