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首页> 外文期刊>Toxin reviews >The effect of Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, and moniliformin from contaminated moldy grains on aquaculture fish
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The effect of Fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, and moniliformin from contaminated moldy grains on aquaculture fish

机译：霉菌污染的镰刀菌霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐烯酚，伏马菌素和莫尼西丁对水产养殖鱼类的影响

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Fungal contamination of commercial fish feeds used by fish farmers is a potential source of feed-borne mycotoxins, which can threaten the productivity and health of aquaculture fish and reduce the profitability of fish farming operations. Presently, emphasis is placed on formulating diets for farmed fish with more plant-source ingredients and relying less on animal proteins, such as marine fish meal and animal slaughter-house byproduct meals. Plant-source ingredients are considered to be renewable, and as such are thought to contribute to sustainability. When we make greater use of plant-source ingredients in commercial fish feeds, we increase the possibility of those feeds becoming contaminated with mycotoxins. As commercial interests compete for the limited quantities of high-priced feed ingredients, it becomes important to know the effects that grain and grain by-products contaminated with various levels mycotoxins can have on aquaculture fish health and productivity. Corn, wheat, and its by-products are commonly used in commercial aquaculture feeds as sources of energy and protein (Lovell, 1998). The wheat by-product, wheat middlings (midds), is produced during the milling of wheat to produce flour for human consumption. During this process, the outer covering of the wheat kernel along with wheat germ and small amounts of flour are removed by milling machinery. Because of its origin from the outer portions of the wheat grain, wheat midds can potentially contain Fusarium mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). Dried distillers' grain with solubles (DDGS) is a by-product of the corn grain fermentation industry to produce ethanol for automobile fuel. Because corn is used as the feedstock for the fermentation process and mycotoxins are not destroyed by the fermentation process, DDGS may contain up to three times higher mycotoxin levels than the original feedstock (Wu and Munkvold, 2008)
机译：养鱼户使用的商业鱼饲料的真菌污染是饲料中携带的霉菌毒素的潜在来源，它可能威胁到水产养殖鱼的生产力和健康，并降低养鱼业务的利润。目前，重点放在为养殖鱼类制定饮食中，这些饮食具有更多的植物来源成分，而较少依赖动物蛋白，例如海水鱼粉和动物屠宰场副产品粉。植物来源的成分被认为是可再生的，因此被认为有助于可持续性。当我们在商业鱼饲料中更多地使用植物源成分时，我们就会增加这些饲料被霉菌毒素污染的可能性。由于商业利益争夺数量有限的高价饲料原料，因此了解受霉菌毒素污染的谷物和谷物副产品对水产养殖鱼类健康和生产力的影响就变得很重要。玉米，小麦及其副产品通常用作商业水产养殖饲料中的能量和蛋白质来源（Lovell，1998）。小麦的副产品，小麦中粉（midds），是在小麦的碾磨过程中产生的，以生产供人类食用的面粉。在此过程中，小麦粉的外皮以及小麦胚芽和少量面粉通过碾磨机去除。由于其起源于小麦籽粒的外部，因此小麦杂种可能含有镰刀菌霉菌毒素，例如脱氧雪腐烯醇（DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）。酒糟含酒糟（DDGS）是玉米谷物发酵工业生产汽车燃料乙醇的副产品。因为玉米被用作发酵过程的原料，而霉菌毒素并未被发酵过程破坏，所以DDGS所含的霉菌毒素水平可能是原始原料的三倍（Wu和Munkvold，2008）。

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