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‘Situating’ Simulation to Model Human Spatio-Temporal Interactions: An Example Using Crime Events

机译：“情境”模拟来模拟人的时空互动：以犯罪事件为例

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摘要

Many social phenomena have a spatio-temporal dimension and involve dynamic decisions made by individuals. In the past, researchers have often turned to geographic information systems (GIS) to model these interactions. Although GIS provide a powerful tool for examining the spatial aspects of these interactions, they are unable to model the dynamic, individual-level interactions across time and space. In an attempt to address these issues, some researchers have begun to use simulation models. But these models rely on artificial landscapes that do not take into account the environment in which humans move and interact. This research presents the methodology for ‘situating’ simulation through the use of a new modeling tool, Agent Analyst, which integrates agent-based modeling (ABM) and GIS. Three versions of a model of street robbery are presented to illustrate the importance of using ‘real’ data to inform agent activity spaces and movement. The successful implementation of this model demonstrates that: (1) agents can move along existing street networks; (2) land use patterns can be used to realistically distribute agent's homes and activities across a city; and (3) the incidence and pattern of street robberies is significantly different when ‘real’ data are used.
机译：许多社会现象具有时空维度，涉及个人做出的动态决策。过去，研究人员经常求助于地理信息系统（GIS）来对这些交互进行建模。尽管GIS提供了一个强大的工具来检查这些交互作用的空间方面，但是它们无法建模跨时间和空间的动态，个人级别的交互作用。为了解决这些问题，一些研究人员已开始使用仿真模型。但是这些模型依赖于人造景观，而没有考虑到人类活动和互动的环境。这项研究提出了通过使用新的建模工具Agent Analyst来“模拟”情况的方法，该工具将基于代理的建模（ABM）和GIS集成在一起。提出了三种版本的街头抢劫模型，以说明使用“真实”数据告知特工活动空间和活动的重要性。该模型的成功实施表明：（1）代理可以沿着现有的街道网络移动; （2）土地使用模式可用于在整个城市中实际分配代理商的住所和活动; （3）当使用“真实”数据时，街头抢劫的发生率和方式有很大不同。

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