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An Investigation into the Causes of Errors and Inconsistencies in Predicted Viewsheds

机译：预测视域中错误和不一致原因的调查

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摘要

Previous evaluations of viewshed analyses have raised concerns about the accuracy and repeatability of the process. Digital elevation model (DEM) errors, the limited spatial resolution of DEMs, and differing algorithms employed by different GIS packages have all been suggested as possible sources for inaccuracy and non-repeatability. This study compared a field surveyed viewshed to predicted viewsheds generated using a variety of software packages and DEM databases, some of which contained known amounts of error. We found that each of the factors suggested by previous authors contributes to errors in predicted viewsheds. DEM errors contribute most to the discrepancies between surveyed and predicted viewsheds, and the majority of their negative impact occurred at very low levels of DEM error. Differing algorithms used by different GIS packages also contribute significantly to surveyed/predicted viewshed discrepancies, but more importantly, result in predicted viewsheds that disagree with one other, thereby confounding comparisons of results generated with differing software systems. Finally, the spatial resolution of DEMs also has a significant effect on the degree of agreement between surveyed and predicted viewsheds, but the magnitude of this effect is not as great as are the effects produced by DEM errors.
机译：以前对视域分析的评估引起了人们对该过程的准确性和可重复性的关注。数字高程模型（DEM）错误，DEM的有限空间分辨率以及不同GIS软件包采用的不同算法都被认为是造成误差和不可重复性的可能原因。这项研究将现场调查的视域与使用各种软件包和DEM数据库生成的预测视域进行了比较，其中一些软件包包含已知的误差量。我们发现以前的作者提出的每个因素都会导致预测视域中的错误。 DEM错误是造成被调查视域和预测视域之间差异的最大原因，并且大多数负面影响发生在非常低​​的DEM错误级别。不同GIS软件包使用的不同算法也对调查/预测的视域差异做出了重要贡献，但更重要的是，导致预测的视域彼此不一致，从而混淆了使用不同软件系统生成的结果的比较。最后，DEM的空间分辨率对被调查的视域和预测的视域之间的一致性程度也具有显着影响，但是这种影响的程度不如DEM误差产生的影响大。

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