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首页> 外文期刊>Transactions in GIS: TG >Georeferencing incidents from locality descriptions and its applications: A case study from Yosemite National Park Search and Rescue
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Georeferencing incidents from locality descriptions and its applications: A case study from Yosemite National Park Search and Rescue

机译：从地点描述中进行地理配准事件及其应用：以优胜美地国家公园搜寻与救援为例

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摘要

The Search and Rescue (SAR) of individuals who become lost, injured, or stranded in wilderness presents a unique and worthwhile spatiotemporal challenge to investigate. Once incidents are georeferenced they can be spatially queried and analyzed. However, one major challenge for evaluating SAR in a spatial context is the lack of explicitly spatial data (addresses or coordinates) for historic incidents; they must be georeferenced from textual descriptions. This study implemented two established approaches for georeferencing incidents, the 'Point-Radius' and 'Shape' methods. Incorporating uncertainty measurements into a spatial database allows for more appropriate analyses of spatial dependence and the spatial distribution of incidents. From 2005-2010, 1,271 of 1,356 Yosemite Search and Rescue YOSAR incidents (93.7%) could be georeferenced using the Point-Radius Method, with a mean uncertainty radius=560±51 m and mean uncertainty area of 3.60±0.840km~2. However, when the Shape Method was applied to six case studies by considering the reference object shape, the uncertainty areas were reduced considerably (by up to 99.5% of the uncertain area generated by the Point-Radius Method). This is the first spatially-explicit study of SAR incidents and yields valuable insights into the role of georeferenced data in emergency preparedness.
机译：迷失，受伤或滞留在荒野中的个人的搜寻与救援（SAR）提出了独特而值得的时空挑战，需要进行调查。对事件进行地理定位后，就可以在空间上查询和分析事件了。但是，在空间背景下评估SAR的一个主要挑战是缺乏历史事件的明确空间数据（地址或坐标）。必须从文本描述中对它们进行地理参考。这项研究实施了两种针对地理参考事件的既定方法，即“点半径”和“形状”方法。将不确定性测量值合并到空间数据库中，可以对空间依赖性和事件的空间分布进行更适当的分析。 2005年至2010年，可采用点半径法对约1356例优胜美地YOSAR搜索和救援事件中的271例（93.7％）进行地理定位，平均不确定半径为560±51 m，平均不确定区域为3.60±0.840 km〜2。但是，当通过考虑参考对象的形状将Shape方法应用于六个案例研究时，不确定区域显着减少（最多减少了Point-Radius方法生成的不确定区域的99.5％）。这是SAR事件的第一个空间明确研究，对地理参考数据在应急准备中的作用产生了宝贵的见解。

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