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How reliable are citizen-derived scientific data? Assessing the quality of contrail observations made by the general public

机译：公民科学数据的可靠性如何？评估普通民众的轨迹变化的质量

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摘要

Citizen science projects encourage the general public to participate in scientific research. Participants can contribute large volumes of data over broad spatial and temporal frames; however, the challenge is to generate data of sufficient quality to be useable in scientific research. Most observations made by citizen-scientists can be independently verified by "experts". However, verification is more problematic when the phenomena being recorded are short-lived. This article uses a GIS methodology to verify the quality of contrail observations made by the general public as part of the OPAL Climate Survey. We verify observations using datasets derived from a variety of different sources (experts, models and amateur enthusiasts) with different spatial and temporal properties which reflect the complex 3D nature of the atmosphere. Our results suggest that ～70% of citizen observations are plausible, based on favorable atmospheric conditions and the presence or absence of aircraft; a finding which is in keeping with other, more conventional citizen science projects. However, questions remain as to why the quality of the citizen-based observations was so high. Given the lack of supporting data on observers, it is impossible to determine whether the dataset was generated by the activities of many participants or a small but dedicated number of individual observers.
机译：公民科学项目鼓励公众参与科学研究。参与者可以在广阔的时空框架内贡献大量数据;然而，挑战在于生成足够质量的数据以用于科学研究。公民科学家所做的大多数观察都可以由“专家”独立验证。但是，当记录的现象是短暂的时，验证就更成问题了。本文使用GIS方法来验证作为OPAL气候调查一部分的普通民众的转换轨迹观测的质量。我们使用来自各种不同来源（专家，模型和业余爱好者）的数据集来验证观测结果，这些数据集具有反映大气层复杂的3D性质的不同时空特性。我们的结果表明，基于有利的大气条件以及是否有飞机，大约70％的公民观察是合理的;与其他更常规的公民科学项目相一致的发现。但是，关于基于公民的观察质量为何如此高的问题仍然存在。由于缺乏有关观察者的支持数据，因此无法确定数据集是由许多参与者的活动还是由少数但专用的单个观察员的活动生成的。

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