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首页> 外文期刊>Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society. >Air bags and ocular injuries.
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Air bags and ocular injuries.

机译：安全气囊和眼外伤。

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摘要

PURPOSE: This investigation retrospectively examined ocular injuries associated with air bag deployment to gain a better appreciation of potential risk factors in motor vehicle accidents. National statistics regarding the efficacy of air bags were reviewed. METHODS: Review of the literature from 1991 to 1998 identified 44 articles describing 97 patients with air-bag-induced ocular injuries. Variables extracted from each case were age, sex, height, position in the car, eye wear, vehicle impact speed, visual acuity, and specific ocular injuries. RESULTS: Corneal abrasions occurred in 49% of occupants, hyphemas in 43%, vitreous or retinal hemorrhages in 25%, and retinal tears or detachments in 15%. The globe was ruptured in 10 patients. Patients involved in higher-speed accidents (over 30 mph) sustained a greater percentage of vitreous or retinal hemorrhages and traumatic cataracts, while those at slower speeds were more prone to retinal tears or detachments. In a subset of 14 patients with serious ocular injuries, the impact speed of 11 patients was recorded at 30 mph or less. Slower speed may be a risk factor for some ocular injuries. Occupant height was not a significant factor. National statistics confirm that air bags reduce fatalities in motor vehicle accidents. However, children sitting in the front seat without a seat belt and infants in passenger-side rear-facing car seats are at risk for fatal injury. CONCLUSION: Air bags combined with seat belts are an effective means of reducing injury and death in adults during motor vehicle accidents. However, this study has documented a wide variety of ocular injuries associated with air bag deployment. It is hoped that researchers can develop modifications that continue to save lives while minimizing additional harm.
机译：目的：本研究回顾性检查了与安全气囊展开相关的眼外伤，以便更好地了解机动车事故中的潜在危险因素。审查了有关安全气囊功效的国家统计数据。方法：回顾1991年至1998年的文献，发现44篇文章描述了97例气囊气囊性眼外伤患者。从每个案例中提取的变量包括年龄，性别，身高，在汽车中的位置，眼镜的磨损，车辆的撞击速度，视力和特定的眼外伤。结果：49％的人发生角膜擦伤，43％的湿疹发生，25％的玻璃体或视网膜出血，15％的视网膜撕裂或脱离。球体破裂有10位患者。高速事故（超过30 mph）的患者玻璃体或视网膜出血和外伤性白内障的发生率更高，而速度较慢的患者更容易发生视网膜撕裂或脱离。在14名严重眼外伤患者中，有11名患者的撞击速度记录在30 mph或以下。速度慢可能是造成眼部受伤的危险因素。乘员身高不是重要因素。国家统计数据证实，安全气囊可以减少机动车事故中的死亡人数。但是，坐在前排座位上而没有系安全带的儿童以及坐在副驾驶座后排座椅上的婴儿有致命伤的危险。结论：安全气囊与安全带相结合是减少成人汽车​​事故中伤害和死亡的有效方法。但是，这项研究已记录了与气囊展开相关的多种眼部损伤。希望研究人员能够开发出能够继续挽救生命，同时最大程度减少附加伤害的修改。

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