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首页> 外文期刊>Transboundary and emerging diseases >A Review of OIE Country Status Recovery Using Vaccinate-to-Live Versus Vaccinate-to-Die Foot-and-Mouth Disease Response Policies II: Waiting Periods After Emergency Vaccination in FMDFree Countries
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A Review of OIE Country Status Recovery Using Vaccinate-to-Live Versus Vaccinate-to-Die Foot-and-Mouth Disease Response Policies II: Waiting Periods After Emergency Vaccination in FMDFree Countries

机译：使用疫苗接种到活疫苗与口蹄疫的口蹄疫应对政策对OIE国家状态的回顾II：FMDFree国家中紧急接种疫苗后的等待期

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For countries with OIE status, FMD free country where vaccination is not practised, vaccinate-to-live policies have a significant economic disincentive as the trade restriction waiting period is double that of vaccinate-to-die policies. The disposal of healthy vaccinated animals strictly for the purpose of regaining markets with debatable scientific justification is a global concern. The feasibility of aligning the waiting periods to facilitate vaccinate-to-live is explored. The first article of this two-part review (Barnett etal., 2015) explored the qualities of higher potency Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) vaccines, performance of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) diagnostic assays particularly in vaccinates and carriers, as well as aspects of current limitations of post-outbreak surveillance. Here, the history behind the OIE waiting periods for FMDfree status is reviewed as well as whether the risk of vaccinated animals and their subsequent products differ appreciably at 3 versus 6months. It is concluded that alignment is feasible for vaccinate-to-live using higher potency FMD vaccines within the current OIE waiting period framework of 3 and 6months blocks of time. These waiting periods reflect precedence, historical practicalities and considered expert opinion rather than a specific scientific rationale. The future lies in updated epidemiological and diagnostic technology to establish an acceptable level of statistical certainty for surveillance or target probability of freedom of FMDV (infection or circulation) not time restricted waiting periods. The OIE Terrestrial Code limits trade from a FMD free country where vaccination is not practiced to animal products and live non-vaccinated animals. The risk of FMDV in products derived from higher potency vaccinated animals is appreciably less than for countries with infected FMD status or even from a FMD free country where vaccination is practised for which the Code has Articles with guidelines for safe trade with time restrictions of 3months or less. All these presume that key requirements in the implementation of emergency vaccination including appropriate vaccine match, vaccine application, susceptible population coverage, etc. are addressed.
机译：对于没有OIE资格且未实施口蹄疫的国家，即不实行疫苗接种的FMD国家，由于贸易限制的等待时间是疫苗接种至死者政策的两倍，因此疫苗接种到活期的政策对经济具有重大的不利影响。严格地为了以有争议的科学依据重新占领市场而处置健康的免疫动物已成为全球关注的问题。探讨了调整等待时间以促进疫苗接种到生活的可行性。这份由两部分组成的综述的第一篇文章（Barnett等，2015）探讨了高效力的口蹄疫（FMD）疫苗的质量，区分感染动物与接种动物（DIVA）的诊断方法的性能，尤其是针对疫苗和携带者以及暴发后监控当前的局限性。在此，回顾了OIE等待FMDfree状态的历史，以及接种疫苗的动物及其后续产品在3个月与6个月时的风险是否存在显着差异。结论是，在当前的OIE等待期3个月和6个月的时间范围内，使用更高效力的口蹄疫疫苗对活疫苗进行对齐是可行的。这些等待期反映了优先次序，历史实用性和经过考虑的专家意见，而不是具体的科学原理。未来将取决于更新的流行病学和诊断技术，以建立可接受的统计确定性水平，以监测或预防FMDV（感染或血液循环）自由的目标概率，而不是时间有限的等待时间。世界动物卫生组织《陆地法》限制了没有进行口蹄疫的国家的贸易，在该国家没有进行疫苗接种的动物产品和未接种活的动物。来自效力较高的疫苗接种动物的产品中的FMDV风险要比具有FMD感染状态的国家或什至是实施了疫苗接种的FMD无疫国家（其行为守则中的条款具有安全贸易准则且时间限制为三个月或以下）的国家要小得多。减。所有这些都假定满足了实施紧急疫苗接种的关键要求，包括适当的疫苗匹配，疫苗应用，易感人群覆盖率等。

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