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首页> 外文期刊>Tree Physiology >Polyamine profiles and biosynthesis in somatic embryo development and comparison of germinating somatic and zygotic embryos of Norway spruce
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Polyamine profiles and biosynthesis in somatic embryo development and comparison of germinating somatic and zygotic embryos of Norway spruce

机译：挪威云杉体细胞胚发育中的多胺谱和生物合成以及发芽的体细胞和合子胚的比较

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摘要

The polyamine (PA) contents and activities of PA biosynthetic enzymes in Norway spruce somatic embryos [Picea abies L. (Karst.), genotype AFO 541] were studied in relation to anatomical changes during their development, from proliferation to germination, and changes in these variables associated with the germination of mature somatic and zygotic embryos were compared. Activities of PA biosynthetic enzymes steadily increased during the development of somatic embryos, from embryogenic suspensor mass until early cotyledonary stages. In these stages, the spermidine (Spd) level was significantly higher than the putrescine (Put) level, and the increases coincided with the sharp increases in S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity in the embryos. The biosynthetic enzyme activity subsequently declined in mature cotyledonary embryos, accompanied by sharp reductions in PA contents, especially in cellular Put contents in embryos from 6 weeks old through the desiccation phase (although the spermine level significantly increased during the desiccation phase), resulting in a shift in the Spd/Put ratio from ca. 2 in early cotyledonary embryos to around 10 after 3 weeks of desiccation. In mature zygotic embryos, Spd contents were twofold lower, but Put levels were higher, than in mature somatic embryos, hence their Spd/Put ratio was substantially lower (ca. 2, in both embryos and megagametophytes). In addition, the PA synthesis activity profiles in the embryos differed (ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase activities predominating in mature somatic and zygotic embryos, respectively). The start of germination was associated with a rise in PA biosynthetic activity in the embryos of both origins, which was accompanied by a marked increase in Put contents in somatic embryos, resulting in the decline of Spd/Put ratio to about 2, similar to the ratio in mature and germinating zygotic embryos. The accumulation of high levels of PAs in somatic embryos may be causally linked to their lower germinability than in zygotic embryos.
机译：研究了挪威云杉体细胞胚[Picea abies L.（Karst。），基因型AFO 541]中多胺（PA）的含量和PA生物合成酶的活性，研究了它们在发育过程中的解剖变化，从增殖到发芽以及比较了与成熟的体细胞和合子胚萌发相关的这些变量。从体细胞胚发育到子叶早期，在体细胞胚发育过程中，PA生物合成酶的活性稳定增加。在这些阶段中，亚精胺（Spd）的水平明显高于腐胺（Put）的水平，并且该增加与胚胎中S-腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶活性的急剧增加相吻合。随后，在成熟的子叶胚胎中，生物合成酶的活性下降，伴随着PA含量的急剧下降，特别是从6周龄到干燥阶段的胚胎中细胞Put含量的急剧下降（尽管在干燥阶段精胺水平显着增加），导致Spd / Put比值从干燥后3周，子叶早期胚中2到10左右。在成熟的合子胚中，Spd含量比成熟的体细胞胚低两倍，但Put含量却更高，因此它们的Spd / Put比值要低得多（在胚胎和大型配子体中均为约2）。此外，胚胎中的PA合成活性曲线有所不同（鸟氨酸脱羧酶和精氨酸脱羧酶活性分别在成熟的体细胞和合子胚中占主导地位）。发芽的开始与两个起源的胚胎中PA生物合成活性的增加有关，伴随着体细胞胚中Put含量的显着增加，导致Spd / Put比值下降到大约2，类似于成熟和发芽的合子胚中的比率。体细胞胚中高水平PA的积累可能与它们比合子胚中较低的发芽率有关。

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