Plastid transformation offers the unique advantages of high-level transgene expression and increased transgene containment compared with conventional transgenic technologies. The process relies on the homologous recombination machinery of the plastid incorporating foreign DNA into the plastome, which restricts the method to species where this type of incorporation works well. However, Pal Maliga and colleagues have recently reported a novel approach for integrating foreign DNA into the plastid genome that works independently of homologous recombination.
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