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首页> 外文期刊>Trends in Plant Science >Fungicides induce phenotypic changes in the late blight fungus
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Fungicides induce phenotypic changes in the late blight fungus

机译：杀菌剂在晚疫病真菌中诱导表型变化

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摘要

Late blight is a devastating disease of tomato and potato caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans, the pathogen responsible for the Irish potato famine, one of the most awful tragedies recorded in human history. Late blight is largely controlled by chemical fungicides, and the cost of chemical control worldwide could well exceed USS1 billion annually. Crop losses in the field and during storage are probably several-fold higher. Metalaxyl, introduced in the 1970s, has been the most effective control. However, resistant strains of R infestans have begun to appear and, concomitant with the use of Metalaxyl, there has been a resurgence of late blight in the past two decades accompanied by the appearance of exotic pathogen strains and a shift in mating types. Carol Groves and Jean Ristaino have shown that compared with a metalaxylsensitive isolate, a wide range of chemically diverse fungicides can induce normally heterothallic isolates of R infestansto form oospores asexually in vitro after short periods of exposure to commercially formulated fungicides. Furthermore, alterations in the phenotypic expression of mating type were also observed in some of these isolates.
机译：晚疫病是由致病疫霉（Phytophthora infestans）引起的具有破坏性的番茄和马铃薯疾病，疫霉是造成爱尔兰马铃薯饥荒的病原体，是人类历史上最可怕的悲剧之一。晚疫病很大程度上受化学杀真菌剂的控制，全世界每年化学防治的费用可能超过10亿美元。田间和储存期间的作物损失可能高出几倍。 1970年代引入的甲霜灵是最有效的防治方法。然而，已经出现了R infestans的抗性菌株，并且伴随着甲霜灵的使用，在过去的二十年中，晚疫病死灰复燃，伴随着外来病原体菌株的出现和交配类型的转变。 Carol Groves和Jean Ristaino已表明，与对甲霜灵敏感的分离物相比，多种化学多样性的杀真菌剂在短期暴露于商业配制的杀真菌剂后，可在体外无性地诱导无性生殖R infestansto形态的正常分离。此外，在其中一些分离物中还观察到了交配型的表型表达的改变。

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