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A Review of Comparative Vehicle Cost Analysis

机译：比较车辆成本分析综述

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A meta-analysis of 44 studies that conduct a private, external and/or total social cost comparison among conventional and electric vehicles shows that, independent of the studies' goals, the results are often misleading. This distortion occurs because of the omission of one or more relevant cost components and/or the impact of divergent and often unspecified assumptions, which is demonstrated through three detailed examples. Although 30 studies compared private costs, one-third only considered purchase and fuel costs and ignored other costs. Charging infrastructure and residual value were only considered in four and eight studies, respectively. Thirty-five authors performed an external cost evaluation, of which 12 were expressed in monetary terms. The majority of the non-monetary studies only consider one external polluting factor, which is generally CO2/GHG, whereas the monetary studies generally evaluate four or more polluting factors. Furthermore, this article drafts a methodological checklist that (1) defines the preferred evaluation methods according to the study goals, (2) includes all private and external costs in the production, acquisition, usage and disposal stages as well as the existing policy measures and (3) lists the general assumptions that should be specified. This checklist enhances consistent comparability among various social cost studies of different vehicle types, and it supports policy-makers in drafting evidence-based transportation policy conclusions.
机译：对44项研究进行的荟萃分析，对常规和电动汽车进行了私人，外部和/或总的社会成本比较，结果表明，与研究目标无关，结果往往令人误解。之所以出现这种失真，是因为省略了一个或多个相关的成本构成和/或分散且通常未指定的假设的影响，这通过三个详细的示例得以说明。尽管有30项研究比较了私人成本，但三分之一只考虑了购买和燃料成本，而忽略了其他成本。充电基础设施和残值仅分别在四个和八个研究中被考虑。 35位作者进行了外部成本评估，其中12位以货币表示。大多数非货币研究仅考虑一个外部污染因素，通常为CO2 / GHG，而货币研究通常评估四个或更多污染因素。此外，本文起草了一份方法学清单，其中（1）根据研究目标定义了首选的评估方法，（2）包括生产，购置，使用和处置阶段的所有私人和外部成本，以及现有的政策措施和（3）列出了应指定的一般假设。此清单增强了不同车辆类型的各种社会成本研究之间的一致可比性，并支持政策制定者起草基于证据的运输政策结论。

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