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Transformation of Port Terminal Operations: From the Local to the Global

机译：港口码头运营的转型：从本地到全球

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摘要

The bases for the internationalization of the port terminal industry are explored. While the industry is being transformed by the penetration of transnational companies, there are important regional differences between Europe and North America. In Europe, the lead actors are companies that have arisen out of the industry itself, whereas in North America, most of the new actors are shipping lines. The consequences of this differentiation are substantial, since they represent fundamentally different types of organization, one being a product of horizontal integration based on multi-user berth operations, the other being an outcome of vertical integration and oriented towards dedicated berth use. The dissimilarities are explained in terms of governance, competition and capacity. Interregional differences are also examined through the case of France, where an unwillingness to open French ports to global operators has affected the performance of those ports. The paper concludes by discussing some of the implications of the findings, including the issue of monopoly control of ports and the potential for conflict between the two models of contemporary cargo handling.
机译：探索了港口码头产业国际化的基础。尽管行业通过跨国公司的渗透而发生了变化，但欧洲和北美之间存在重要的地区差异。在欧洲，主要参与者是从行业本身诞生的公司，而在北美，大多数新参与者是航运公司。这种差异化的后果是实质性的，因为它们代表了根本不同的组织类型，一种是基于多用户泊位运营的水平整合的产品，另一种是垂直整合的结果，并面向专用泊位的使用。区别之处在于治理，竞争和能力。还通过法国的案例研究了地区间的差异，法国不愿向全球运营商开放法国港口，这影响了这些港口的绩效。最后，本文讨论了这些发现的一些含义，包括港口的垄断控制问题以及两种当代货物装卸模式之间的潜在冲突。

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