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首页> 外文期刊>Transport Reviews >Traffic Noise in Europe: A Comparison of Calculation Methods, Noise Indices and Noise Standards for Road and Railroad Traffic in Europe
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Traffic Noise in Europe: A Comparison of Calculation Methods, Noise Indices and Noise Standards for Road and Railroad Traffic in Europe

机译：欧洲的交通噪声：欧洲道路和铁路交通的计算方法，噪声指标和噪声标准的比较

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As the international dimension of environmental laws and legislation is gaining in importance, it has become increasingly essential to compare and assess international data. Can international data on noise, often produced by using different national calculation methods, be compared? And what does it mean for (inter)national noise policy? This paper focuses on international data on noise created by road and railroad traffic. Research shows possible differences in the outcome of noise calculations using different national methodologies of up to 15 dB(A). Furthermore, national noise indices and noise standards differ considerably, making it even more difficult to compare data on noise exposure. Therefore, harmonization of calculation methods and noise indices, as initiated by the European Commission, is a necessary first step. Although noise standards are left to the Member States, an effective European noise policy would be enhanced if the same type of indices were used for both noise-level calculations and noise standards. L{sub}(aeq{sup}-) type indices are recommended in this regard. Although harmonizing noise calculations and using the same kind of indices would make noise data more comparable, it would still not make Europe quieter. This is why noise measures, preferably at the source, are necessary. The European Commission in Brussels plays a major role in introducing these noise measures. Reduction of tyre noise by tightening emission limits is the most promising option. This may be supported at the national level by applying silent pavements. Integrating noise into spatial planning is the most cost-effective option at the local level.
机译：随着环境法律和法规的国际影响日益重要，比较和评估国际数据变得越来越重要。可以比较通常使用不同国家计算方法得出的国际噪声数据吗？这对（国际）国家噪声政策意味着什么？本文重点研究由公路和铁路交通产生的噪声的国际数据。研究表明，使用高达15 dB（A）的不同国家方法进行噪声计算的结果可能存在差异。此外，国家噪声指数和噪声标准相差很大，这使得比较噪声暴露数据变得更加困难。因此，由欧盟委员会发起的统一计算方法和噪声指数是必要的第一步。尽管将噪声标准留给成员国，但是如果将相同类型的指数用于噪声水平计算和噪声标准，则将提高有效的欧洲噪声政策。在这方面，建议使用L {sub}（aeq {sup}-）类型索引。尽管统一噪声计算并使用相同种类的指数将使噪声数据更具可比性，但仍不会使欧洲变得更安静。这就是为什么必须采取噪声措施的原因，最好是在源头采取措施。布鲁塞尔的欧盟委员会在引入这些噪声措施中扮演着重要角色。通过收紧排放限值降低轮胎噪音是最有前途的选择。在国家一级，可以通过使用无声路面来支持这一点。在地方层面，将噪声纳入空间规划是最具成本效益的选择。

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