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Safety Effects of Winter Weather: The State of Knowledge and Remaining Challenges

机译：冬季天气的安全影响：知识现状和尚存的挑战

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摘要

In recent years, there has been growing recognition of the effects of weather on the surface transportation system. Although considerable work has been done in quantifying the effects of weather on the highway system, there is still much that remains unknown about the relationship between weather and highway system performance. This paper synthesizes the findings from some of the major efforts in this area. The review of existing studies found consistent patterns that adverse weather reduces traffic speed and increases crash frequencies, while fatal crashes are decreased. A table is then presented which estimates the change in crash frequency and vehicle travel speed resulting from various winter weather conditions, based on a synthesis of earlier work. To estimate the safety and speed adjustment factors of compacted snow, a severity index is also developed. Recognizing the lack of comparability between the results of the studies, the paper concludes with a detailed discussion of avenues for future research which could help to address some of the gaps which currently exist. These challenges include, but are no limited to: quantification of the dynamic layer, development of the relationship between pavement friction and the composition of the dynamic layer, evaluation of the effects of pavement friction on vehicle speed, and evaluation of safety effects of weather conditions above the pavement.
机译：近年来，人们越来越认识到天气对地面运输系统的影响。尽管在量化天气对公路系统的影响方面已经进行了大量工作，但是关于天气与公路系统性能之间的关系仍然有很多未知的地方。本文综合了该领域一些主要工作的发现。对现有研究的回顾发现一致的模式，即恶劣天气会降低交通速度并增加撞车频率，而致命撞车次数则会减少。然后，根据早期工作的综合，提供了一个表格，该表格估计了各种冬季天气条件导致的碰撞频率和车辆行驶速度的变化。为了估计压实雪的安全性和速度调整因素，还制定了严重程度指数。认识到研究结果之间缺乏可比性，本文最后对未来研究的途径进行了详细讨论，以帮助解决当前存在的一些空白。这些挑战包括但不限于：动态层的量化，路面摩擦力与动态层组成之间关系的发展，路面摩擦对车速的影响评估以及天气状况的安全影响评估在人行道上。

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