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Competition and regulation of public transport: theme B

机译：公共交通的竞争与管制：主题B

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The papers in this workshop can be divided into three groups. Two papers (Jansson, and Bouf and Peguy) were concerned specifically with rail reform in the context of separation of infrastructure and operations; the first considered how to structure subsidies and infrastructure charges to give correct incentives to commercial operators to maximize social welfare, whilst the second considered both the evidence in favour of separation in terms of diseconomies of scope but also the problems created by opportunism in negotiation of contracts. Two papers given in plenary session by members of the workshop (Nash and White) also considered the experience of rail reform in the UK, where the financial results of privatization are now looking less favourable, and the need For government regulation stronger than previously was the case. A number of papers dealt specifically with road based public transport. Two papers by Guilherme de Aragao et al. dealt respectively with urban and inter urban road based public transport in Brazil. This was seen to be in crisis, caused by growing congestion, car ownership and a bureaucratic approach to regulation of formal public transport, which had seen its decline and the growth of an often very unsafe informal sector. Nokkala modelled competition for contracts for subsidized services in Helsinki, and showed that taxis should play a much greater role. Santos et al., as well as presenting an analysis showing widespread inefficiency in the bus system of Costa Rica, discussed the informal urban public transport system in Brazil, which is mainly provided by vans. Finally three papers considered aspects of intermodal policy; Stanta in terms of the role of packages involving road pricing and public transport improvements, Jansson examining alternative road pricing and public transport strategies to achieve emissions targets and Eide providing a vigorous critique of the draft FU regulation requiring competitive tendering of public transport services. This review will consider in turn the key issues identified in the workshop and the policy measures discussed, before reaching some conclusions both concerning policy and the need for further research.
机译：该研讨会的论文可以分为三组。有两篇论文（Jansson，Bouf和Peguy）特别关注在基础设施和运营分离的背景下进行铁路改革。第一个考虑了如何构建补贴和基础设施收费以正确激励商业运营商最大化社会福利的方法，第二个考虑了既考虑到在范围不经济方面支持分离的证据，也考虑了机会主义在合同谈判中产生的问题。 。研讨会全体成员（纳什和怀特）在全体会议上发表的两篇论文也考虑了英国铁路改革的经验，在英国，私有化的财务结果现在看起来不太有利，政府监管的需求比以前更强了。案件。许多论文专门涉及基于道路的公共交通。 Guilherme de Aragao等人的两篇论文。分别处理了巴西城市和城市间道路公共交通问题。人们认为这正处于危机之中，原因是交通拥挤，汽车保有量增加以及对正规公共交通进行管制的官僚主义做法，这种情况已经有所减少，而且通常是非常不安全的非正规部门的发展。 Nokkala在赫尔辛基对补贴服务合同的竞争进行了建模，并表明出租车应该发挥更大的作用。 Santos等人（同时进行分析表明哥斯达黎加公交系统普遍效率低下）讨论了巴西的非正式城市公共交通系统，该系统主要由货车提供。最后三篇论文考虑了多式联运政策的各个方面。斯坦塔（Stanta）在涉及道路定价和公共交通改善的一揽子计划中发挥了作用，詹森（Jansson）研究了替代道路定价和公共交通战略以实现排放目标，爱德（Eide）对要求竞争性招标公共交通服务的FU法规草案提出了强烈批评。在得出关于政策和进一步研究的必要性的结论之前，本次审查将依次考虑研讨会中确定的关键问题和所讨论的政策措施。

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