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首页> 外文期刊>Transport Reviews >Urban Transport Trends and Policies in China and India: Impacts of Rapid Economic Growth
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Urban Transport Trends and Policies in China and India: Impacts of Rapid Economic Growth

机译：中国和印度的城市交通趋势与政策：经济快速增长的影响

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This paper provides a comparative overview of urban transport in the world's two most populous countries: China and India. Cities in both countries are suffering from severe and worsening transport problems: air pollution, noise, traffic injuries and fatalities, congestion, parking shortages, energy use, and a lack of mobility for the poor. The urban transport crisis in China and India results from continuing population growth, urbanization, suburban sprawl, rising incomes, and skyrocketing motor vehicle ownership and use. This paper critically assesses government policies in each country and suggests a range of specific improvements. It advocates a slowdown in the massive roadway investment in recent years and a shift in emphasis to expanding and improving public transport, cycling, and walking facilities. While continued growth in motor vehicle use is inevitable, China and India should restrict motor vehicle use in congested city centres and increase taxes, fees, and charges to reflect the enormous social and environmental costs of motor vehicle use. At the same time, much stricter regulations should be imposed on manufacturers to produce cleaner, more energy-efficient, quieter, and safer cars, motorcycles, buses, and trucks. Mitigating the many social and environmental impacts of rising motorization is obviously important for the future well-being of Chinese and Indian cities. It is also crucial for the future of the rest of the world. Unless the problems of motorization in China and India can be effectively dealt with, the world faces sharp increases in greenhouse gases, accelerating climate change, and rapid depletion of a range of non-renewable resources.
机译：本文提供了世界上两个人口最多的国家（中国和印度）的城市交通的比较概述。两国城市都在遭受严重和日益恶化的运输问题的困扰：空气污染，噪音，交通伤害和死亡，交通拥堵，停车位短缺，能源使用以及穷人缺乏流动性。中国和印度的城市交通危机是由于人口持续增长，城市化，郊区扩张，收入增加以及机动车拥有量和使用量激增所致。本文严格评估了每个国家的政府政策，并提出了一系列具体改进措施。它倡导近年来大规模道路投资的放缓，并将重点转移到扩大和改善公共交通，自行车和步行设施上。尽管汽车使用量的持续增长是不可避免的，但中国和印度应限制在拥挤的市中心使用汽车，并增加税收，费用和收费，以反映出汽车使用的巨大社会和环境成本。同时，应该对制造商实施更加严格的规定，以生产出更清洁，更节能，更安静，更安全的汽车，摩托车，公共汽车和卡车。减轻日益增长的机动化对社会和环境的影响，显然对中国和印度城市的未来发展至关重要。这对于世界其他地区的未来也至关重要。除非能够有效解决中国和印度的机动化问题，否则世界将面临温室气体急剧增加，气候变化加速以及一系列不可再生资源迅速枯竭的问题。

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